Spicy food linked with memory decline

Think twice before adding that extra kick of chili sauce or chopped jalapeno to your meal as researchers have found that a spicy diet could be linked to dementia.

According to the research involving 4,582 Chinese adults aged over 55, evidence of faster cognitive decline was found in those who consistently ate more than 50 grams of chili per day. Memory decline was even more significant if the chili lovers were slim.
 

The study showed that those who consumed in excess of 50 grams of chili a day had almost double the risk of memory decline and poor cognition.

“Chili consumption was found to be beneficial for body weight and blood pressure in our previous studies. However, in this study, we found adverse effects on cognition among older adults,” said the lead author of the study.

Chili intake included both fresh and dried chili peppers but not sweet capsicum or black pepper.

According to the researchers, capsaicin is the active component in chili which reportedly speeds up metabolism, fat loss and inhibits vascular disorders but this is the first longitudinal study to investigate the association between chili intake and cognitive function.

Those who ate a lot of chili had a lower income and body mass index (BMI) and were more physically active compared to non-consumers.

People of normal body weight may be more sensitive to chili intake than overweight people, hence the impact on memory and weight, said the researchers.

“Chili consumption has been linked previously to weight and blood pressure control. Capsaicin is the active ingredient which helps in energy expenditure and fat oxidation

However, a new Chinese study says long term consumption of Chili more than 50 grams per day may have a significant impact on the memory,” said a Consultant –Neurology specialist.

“So if you like chilies keep their quantity less than 50 grams per day till the time further studies are conducted to validate the new research,” he added.

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Mother's malaria can affect memory in offspring

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 Malaria infection during pregnancy may result in learning and memory related problems in offspring, suggests new research.

This is because maternal malaria infection alters the formation of blood vessels in the brains of exposed offspring.

The exposed fetus has smaller blood vessels in its brain than the control fetus, the findings showed.

These results "highlight a novel mechanism by which malaria in pregnancy may alter the neurocognitive development of millions of children prior to birth", the researchers said.

In this study, Kevin Kain, from the University of Toronto, Canada, and colleagues specifically examined neurocognitive function in mice of normal birth weight that had been exposed to -- but not themselves infected with -- malaria in the uterus.

The researchers found that young mice that had been exposed to malaria in pregnancy have impaired learning and memory and show depressive-like behaviour that persists to adulthood.

These neurocognitive impairments are associated with decreased tissue levels of major neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) in specific regions of the brain.

By imaging blood vessels in the uterus, the researchers also saw changes in neurovascular development in the brain of malaria-exposed mouse fetuses.

The findings appeared in the journal PLOS Pathogens.

Protein klotho can protect against Alzheimer's symptoms

A new research has revealed that a protein linked to longevity and enhanced cognition can protect against Alzheimer's symptoms.

Scientists from the Gladstone Institutes and the University of California, San Francisco reported that raising levels of the life-extending protein klotho can protect against learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and this boost in cognition occurred despite the accumulation of Alzheimer-related toxins in the brain, such as amyloid-beta and tau.

Ordinarily, Alzheimer's model mice have cognitive deficits, abnormal brain activity, and premature death, but raising klotho levels ameliorated these problems. The cognition-enhancing effects of the protein were powerful enough to counteract the effects of Alzheimer-related toxins, whose levels were unchanged.

Lead author Dena Dubal said that it's remarkable that they can improve cognition in a diseased brain despite the fact that it's riddled with toxins and in addition to making healthy mice smarter, they can make the brain resistant to Alzheimer-related toxicity. Without having to target the complex disease itself, they can provide greater resilience and boost brain functions.

Klotho's benefits may be due to its effect on a certain type of neurotransmitter receptor in the brain, called NMDA, that is crucially involved in learning and memory.

Senior author Lennart Mucke added that the next step will be to identify and test drugs that can elevate klotho or mimic its effects on the brain. They are encouraged in this regard by the strong similarities we found between klotho's effects in humans and mice in their earlier study. Mucke added that they think this provides good support for pursuing klotho as a potential drug target to treat cognitive disorders in humans, including Alzheimer's disease.

The study is published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

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