Zika virus in India: Causes, symptoms, treatment. All you need to know

Thirty more Zika virus cases have been reported in Kanpur district, taking the tally to 66. The first case was reported on October 25. Later, the central government sent a multi-disciplinary team to Kanpur.

Zika is a mosquito-borne virus that spreads through the bite of an infected Aedes species of mosquito named Aedes aegypti. According to the World Health Organisation, the Aedes mosquitoes usually bite during the day, peaking during early morning and late afternoon or evening.

What are the signs and symptoms of the Zika virus?

The majority of people infected with this virus do not develop symptoms that are generally mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise and headache. Symptoms usually last 2-7 days.

The incubation period of Zika virus disease is estimated to be 3–14 days. The majority of people infected with this virus do not develop symptoms that are generally mild including fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache. Symptoms usually last for 2–7 days.   

How is it transmitted?

It is transmitted primarily by the bite of infected mosquito. This is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. The virus is also transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, through sexual contact,  transfusion of blood and blood products and organ transplantation.

Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito from the Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti, in tropical and subtropical regions. These mosquitoes usually bite during the day, peaking during early morning and late afternoon/evening. This is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. 

The virus is also transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, through sexual contact, transfusion of blood and blood products, and organ transplantation. 

How is it diagnosed?

Zika virus cases may be suspected based on symptoms of persons living in or visiting areas with zika virus transmission and/ or aedes mosquito vectors. The infection can only be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body fluids, such as urine or semen.

Zika virus cases may be suspected based on symptoms of persons living in or visiting areas with Zika virus transmission and/or Aedes mosquito vectors. The infection can only be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body fluids, such as urine or semen.

How can the Zika virus be prevented?

The best protection from the zika virus is preventing mosquito bites indoors and outdoors. Special attention should be given to the prevention of mosquito bites among pregnant women, women of reproductive age and young children.

The best protection from the Zika virus is preventing mosquito bites indoors and outdoors. Special attention should be given to the prevention of mosquito bites among pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and young children.

Such measures include:

·  Wear clothing, preferably light-coloured, that covers as much of the body as possible.

·  Using physical barriers such as window screens and closed doors and windows.

·  Applying insect repellent to skin or clothing that contains DEET, IR3535, or icaridin according to the product label instructions.

·  Sleep under mosquito nets.

Travelers and those living in affected areas should take the same basic precautions described above to protect themselves from mosquito bites.

How is it treated?

There is no treatment available for the zika virus infection. People with  symptoms should get plenty of rest, drink fluids, and treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen,  they should seek medical care and advice.

There is no treatment available for Zika virus infection. Symptoms of this are usually mild. People with symptoms should get plenty of rest, drink fluids, and treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen, they should seek medical care and advice. Pregnant women living in areas with Zika transmission or who develop symptoms of Zika virus infection should seek medical attention for laboratory testing and other clinical care. 

Where do Aedes mosquitoes breed?

Aedes mosquitoes may breed in the water around homes, schools, and work sites. That’s why it is important to eliminate these mosquito breeding sites, including covering water storage containers, removing standing water in flower pots, and cleaning up trash and used tires.

Is any vaccine available?

No vaccine is yet available for the prevention or treatment of Zika virus infection. The development of a Zika vaccine remains an active area of research. 

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How a Cough Can Harm You And Preventive Actions You Can Take

We've all experienced a bad cough at some point or another in our lives, but what do you do when your cough simply won't go away? A chronic and persistent cough can cause a whole host of health issues, but there's no need to despair just yet, since we've included plenty of useful solutions, too.

Ways a Cough Can Damage You
1. Muscle Pain
Persistent coughing often leads to chronic muscular pain. This is because coughing fits generate a good deal of pressure, which can end up causing pain due to muscle strain.

2. Blood Vessel Damage

When you experience a severe coughing fit, certain fine blood vessels, such as the ones found in the nose or anus, can end up bursting, which may even lead to a hemorrhage.

3. Cracked Ribs
If you can't stop coughing, your rib cage may be in imminent danger, particularly if you are a woman or a pensioner. This is because a chronic cough may cause the middle ribs along the side to become cracked or fractured.
4. Throat Damage
An unyielding cough can cause your throat to get infected, which may then move on to infect other parts of your body. Such coughs can also make the tissues of the throat inflamed, further escalating any existing issues.

5. Diaphragm Rupture
While you're coughing, your diaphragm contracts and retracts. During forced respiratory movements, the ribs are pushed inward and downward while the diaphragm is pushed upward. When the force is too rapid or heavy, a diaphragm rupture may occur.
6. Abdominal Hernia
Although this is quite a rare occurrence, there is still a chance that a chronic cough can cause an abdominal hernia. You are at a higher risk of this happening if you already suffer from chronic bronchitis, and it will require surgical intervention to put right.

7. Coughing Up Blood
If a chronic cough goes on for long enough, there's a chance that you could experience heamoptysis, which is the medical term for coughing up blood. Such blood would usually appear as bright red droplets of blood or as frothy blood-streaked phlegm or saliva. It's very important to visit a doctor immediately if you ever start coughing up blood.

How to Reduce a Cough

If you are finding it hard to get your cough to go away, applying some of the following tips may help:

• Start breathing from your nose only. This will keep both your lungs and the mucus in your throat from drying up and causing irritation.
• Drink plenty of fluids to thin out and moisten any mucus present in your throat.
• Use a humidifier to add some moisture to the air in your home, since dry air can worsen symptoms.
• Stop drinking cow's milk and consuming other dairy products until your cough subsides, since these can make it worse.
• Take regular steamy showers, since they are able to help a cough by loosening nasal secretions.
• Enjoy more hot drinks, since they numb the back of your throat, easing the cough reflex.

If you've adopted the tips above and your cough is still showing no signs of going away, then make sure you speak to a medical professional to guide you further.

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