Reputed Medicinal Soil Yields a Superbug-killing Bacterium

It’s no secret that antibiotic resistance is a problem that already poses a serious threat to public health, and it’s expected to get worse. That’s sent researchers searching for new antibiotics. One place that they can look is in soil. Bacteria have to compete against one another in the fight for survival, so some have developed highly competitive strategies, including creating antibiotics that will kill other microbes. Soil is rich with microbial life, so it's an excellent place to look for new antibiotics.

Scientists studying Irish soil that has a reputation for having medicinal properties have now found a strain of bacteria that can kill superbugs. When tested against the top pathogens that are resistant to drugs, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the newly-identified bacterium stopped the growth of all of them. The researchers named the new bacterial strain Streptomyces sp.myrophorea.

"This new strain of bacteria is effective against four of the top six pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics, including MRSA. Our discovery is an important step forward in the fight against antibiotic resistance,” said a Prof.

The soil came from the region around Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, known as the Boho Highlands. Locally, it’s thought that the soil has a healing effect.

“Our results show that folklore and traditional medicines are worth investigating in the search for new antibiotics. Scientists, historians, and archaeologists can all have something to contribute to this task. It seems that part of the answer to this very modern problem might lie in the wisdom of the past,” he added.

Dr. is a member of the research team who was formerly a resident of Boho, County Fermanagh, and was aware of the soil. Traditionally, a bit of this soil would be placed in cloth and then applied to toothaches and throat infections. Of note -ethnopharmacology is a field of study that explores new places for medicines, including folklore.

The new bacterial strain was able to inhibit the growth of six pathogens that are resistant to drugs and often sicken hospital patients: MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), Klebsiella pneumonia, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. It also stopped the growth of gram-negative bacteria. 

The team is currently working to determine how the bacterium prevents the growth of those deadly microbes.

"The discovery of antimicrobial substances from Streptomyces sp.myrophorea will help in our search for new drugs to treat multi-resistant bacteria, the cause of many dangerous and lethal infections,” said the Prof..

“We will now concentrate on the purification and identification of these antibiotics. We have also discovered additional antibacterial organisms from the same soil cure which may cover a broader spectrum of multi-resistant pathogens," he concluded.

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Scientists uncover keys to antibiotic resistance in superbug

A new study has revealed the mechanistic basis for how the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium became such a difficult pathogen over the previous 50 years, in which time it spread rapidly across the world.

The study by researchers showed how MRSA regulates the critical crosslinking of its cell wall in the face of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Modern strains of MRSA have become broadly resistant to antibiotics, including beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins.

In their report, the researchers disclose the discovery of an allosteric domain in the X-ray structure of the penicillin binding protein 2a of MRSA, the enzyme that carries out the cross-linking reaction.

The researchers documented that an allosteric trigger by a fragment of the cell wall at a distance of 60 Angstroms (6 nanometers) activates a set of conformational changes that culminates in the opening of the active site from a closed conformation, enabling catalysis for the physiological role of the enzyme.

They also documented that the new beta-lactam antibiotic ceftaroline, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, is able to bind to the allosteric domain and trigger the same allosteric opening of the active site. This subversion of the allosteric control allows another molecule of ceftaroline to access the active site, which inhibits the function of the enzyme, leading to cell death by MRSA.

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A unique antibiotic may kill anthrax

Researchers have discovered a unique antibiotic in the sea-

floor mud off California's coast that may potentially kill 

anthrax. A team has discovered the new chemical 

compound from an ocean microbe, a finding that could one 

day set the stage for new treatments for anthrax and other 

ailments such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus 

aureus (MRSA).

As reported, the research group first collected the micro-

organism that produces the compound in 2012 from 

sediments close to shore off Santa Barbara, California. 

Researchers used an analytical technique known as 

spectroscopy to decipher the unusual structure of a 

molecule from a microscopic species known as 

Streptomyces. Initial testing of the compound, which they 

named anthracimycin, revealed its potency as a killer of 

anthrax, the infectious disease often feared as a biological 

weapon, as well as MRSA.

"The real importance of this work is the fact that 

anthracimycin has a new and unique chemical structure, 

said a researcher, who added that the finding is a basic 

research discovery, which could lead to testing and 

development, and eventually a drug.

"The discovery of truly new antibiotic compounds is quite 

rare. This discovery adds to many previous discoveries that 

show that marine bacteria are genetically and chemically 

unique," he said . The discovery provides the latest evidence 

that the oceans, and many of its unexplored regions, 

represent a vast resource for new materials that could one 

day treat a variety of diseases and illnesses, researchers 

said.

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