Health Benefits Of Magnesium- sources

1. Magnesium Is Involved in Hundreds of Biochemical Reactions in Your Body

Magnesium is a mineral found in the earth, sea, plants, animals and humans.

About 60% of the magnesium in your body is found in bone, while the rest is in muscles, soft tissues and fluids, including blood.

In fact, every cell in your body contains it and needs it to function.

One of magnesium's main roles is acting as a co-factor or "helper molecule" in the biochemical reactions continuously performed by enzymes.

In fact, it’s involved in more than 600 reactions in your body, including:

    Energy creation: Helps convert food into energy.
    Protein formation: Helps create new proteins from amino acids.
    Gene maintenance: Helps create and repair DNA and RNA.
    Muscle movements: Is part of the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
    Nervous system regulation: Helps regulate neurotransmitters, which send messages throughout your brain and nervous system.

Unfortunately, studies suggest that about 50% of people in the US and Europe get less than the recommended daily amount of magnesium.
 
2. It May Boost Exercise Performance

Magnesium also plays a role in exercise performance.

During exercise, you may need 10–20% more magnesium than when you're resting, depending on the activity.

Magnesium helps move blood sugar into your muscles and dispose of lactate, which can build up in muscles during exercise and cause pain.

Studies have shown that supplementing with it can boost exercise performance for athletes, the elderly and people with chronic disease.

In one study, volleyball players who took 250 mg of magnesium per day experienced improvements in jumping and arm movements.

In another study, athletes who supplemented with magnesium for four weeks had faster running, cycling and swimming times during a triathlon. They also experienced reductions in insulin and stress hormone levels.

However, the evidence is mixed. Other studies have found no benefit of magnesium supplements in athletes with low or normal levels of the mineral.

 3. Magnesium Fights Depression

Magnesium plays a critical role in brain function and mood, and low levels are linked to an increased risk of depression.

One analysis in over 8,800 people found that people under the age of 65 with the lowest magnesium intake had a 22% greater risk of depression.

Some experts believe the low magnesium content of modern food may cause many cases of depression and mental illness.

However, others emphasize the need for more research in this area.

Nonetheless, supplementing with this mineral may help reduce symptoms of depression — and in some cases, the results can be dramatic .

In a randomized controlled trial in depressed older adults, 450 mg of magnesium daily improved mood as effectively as an antidepressant drug .

4. It Has Benefits Against Type 2 Diabetes

Magnesium also benefits people with type 2 diabetes.

Studies suggest that about 48% of people with type 2 diabetes have low levels of magnesium in their blood. This can impair insulin's ability to keep blood sugar levels under control.

Additionally, research indicates that people with a low magnesium intake have a higher risk of developing diabetes.

One study which followed more than 4,000 people for 20 years found that those with the highest magnesium intake were 47% less likely to develop diabetes .

Another study showed that people with type 2 diabetes taking high doses of magnesium each day experienced significant improvements in blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c levels, compared to a control group.

However, these effects may depend on how much magnesium you’re getting from food. In a different study, supplements did not improve blood sugar or insulin levels in people who weren't deficient.

5. Magnesium Can Lower Blood Pressure

Studies show that taking magnesium can lower blood pressure.

In one study, people who took 450 mg per day experienced a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

However, these benefits may only occur in people who have high blood pressure.

Another study found that magnesium lowered blood pressure in people with high blood pressure but had no effect on those with normal levels .
 
6. It Has Anti-Inflammatory Benefits

Low magnesium intake is linked to chronic inflammation, which is one of the drivers of aging, obesity and chronic disease .

In one study, children with the lowest blood magnesium levels were found to have the highest levels of the inflammatory marker CRP.

They also had higher blood sugar, insulin and triglyceride levels.

Magnesium supplements can reduce CRP and other markers of inflammation in older adults, overweight people and those with prediabetes.

In the same way, high-magnesium foods — such as fatty fish and dark chocolate — can reduce inflammation.

7. Magnesium Can Help Prevent Migraines
Migraine headaches are painful and debilitating. Nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light and noise often occur.

Some researchers believe that people who suffer from migraines are more likely than others to be magnesium deficient .

In fact, a few encouraging studies suggest that magnesium can prevent and even help treat migraines.

In one study, supplementing with 1 gram of magnesium provided relief from an acute migraine attack more quickly and effectively than a common medication .

Additionally, magnesium-rich foods may help reduce migraine symptoms.

8. It Reduces Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance is one of the leading causes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

It's characterized by an impaired ability of muscle and liver cells to properly absorb sugar from your bloodstream.

Magnesium plays a crucial role in this process, and many people with metabolic syndrome are deficient .

In addition, the high levels of insulin that accompany insulin resistance lead to the loss of magnesium through urine, further reducing your body's levels.

Fortunately, increasing magnesium intake can help .

One study found that supplementing with this mineral reduced insulin resistance and blood sugar levels, even in people with normal blood levels . 

9. Magnesium Improves PMS Symptoms

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders among women of childbearing age.

Its symptoms include water retention, abdominal cramps, tiredness and irritability.

Interestingly, magnesium has been shown to improve mood, reduce water retention and other symptoms in women with PMS.
 
10. Magnesium Is Safe and Widely Available

Magnesium is absolutely essential for good health. The recommended daily intake is 400–420 mg per day for men and 310–320 mg per day for women.

You can get it from both food and supplements.
Food Sources

The following foods are good to excellent sources of magnesium :

    Pumpkin seeds: 46% of the RDI in a quarter cup (16 grams)
    Spinach, boiled: 39% of the RDI in a cup (180 grams)
    Swiss chard, boiled: 38% of the RDI in a cup (175 grams)
    Dark chocolate (70–85% cocoa): 33% of the RDI in 3.5 ounces (100 grams)
    Black beans: 30% of the RDI in a cup (172 grams)
    Quinoa, cooked: 33% of the RDI the in a cup (185 grams)
    Halibut: 27% of the RDI in 3.5 ounces (100 grams)
    Almonds: 25% of the RDI in a quarter cup (24 grams)
    Cashews: 25% of the RDI in a quarter cup (30 grams)
    Mackerel: 19% of the RDI in 3.5 ounces (100 grams)
    Avocado: 15% of the RDI in one medium avocado (200 grams)
    Salmon: 9% of the RDI in 3.5 ounces (100 grams)

Supplements

If you have a medical condition, check with your doctor before taking magnesium supplements.

Though these are generally well-tolerated, they may not be safe for people who take certain diuretics, heart medications or antibiotics.

Supplement forms that are absorbed well include magnesium citrate, glycinate, orotate and carbonate.

Conclusion-

Getting enough magnesium is essential for maintaining good health.

Be sure to eat plenty of magnesium-rich foods or take a supplement if you're unable to get enough from your diet alone.

Without enough of this important mineral, your body can't function optimally.

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Scientists Create World's First 3D-Printed Heart Using Patient's Own Cells

Researchers at Tel Aviv University have successfully printed the world’s first 3D heart using a patient’s own cells and biological materials to “completely match the immunological, cellular, biochemical, and anatomical properties of the patient.”

Until now, researchers have only been able to 3D-print simple tissues lacking blood vessels.
"This heart is made from human cells and patient-specific biological materials. In our process these materials serve as the bioinks, substances made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models," said lead researcher in a statement. "People have managed to 3D-print the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels. Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future." 

F, G) A printed heart within a support bath. H) After extraction, the left and right ventricles were injected with red and blue dyes, respectively, in order to demonstrate hollow chambers and the septum in‐between them. 

Describing their work, the research team started by taking biopsies of fatty tissues from abdominal structures known as the omentum in both humans and pigs. The tissue's cellular materials were separated from those that weren’t and reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells, “master cells” able to make cells from all three body layers with the potential to produce any cell or tissue in the body. The team then made the extracellular matrix – made up of collagen and glycoproteins – into a hydrogel used as the printing “ink”. Cells were mixed with the hydrogel and then differentiated into cardiac or endothelial cells (those that line the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels) to create patient-specific, immune-compatible cardiac patches complete with blood vessels and, ultimately, an entire heart bioengineered from “native” patient-specific materials.

Though promising, the team is quick to remind us that their hearts are not yet ready for human transplantation.

"At this stage, our 3D heart is small, the size of a rabbit's heart," said the researcher. "But larger human hearts require the same technology."

For starters, creating a human heart would take much longer and require billions of cells – not just millions. Furthermore, the cherry-sized hearts don’t necessarily behave like hearts, requiring researchers to further develop and “train” them to be like human hearts and form a pumping ability. Currently, the cells can contract but do not work together.

Regardless, the development is a massive step for the advancement of organ transplantation. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in men and women in the US, with heart transplants being the only treatment available to those with end-stage heart failure. Not only does a shortage of donors require the development of new strategies, but creating hearts that jive with a patient’s unique biological makeup could prevent the risk of rejection.

"The biocompatibility of engineered materials is crucial to eliminating the risk of implant rejection, which jeopardizes the success of such treatments," said the researcher. "Ideally, the biomaterial should possess the same biochemical, mechanical and topographical properties of the patient's own tissues. Here, we can report a simple approach to 3D-printed thick, vascularized and perfusable cardiac tissues that completely match the immunological, cellular, biochemical and anatomical properties of the patient."
After “training” the hearts to efficiently pump, the team hopes to transplant them into animals for further testing.

Cells from a patient's omentum tissue are separated and processed into a personalized thermoresponsive hydrogel. The cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent and are then differentiated to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells before encapsulation within the hydrogel to generate the bioinks used for printing. The bioinks are then printed to engineer vascularized patches and complex cellularized structures. 

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Scientists discover promising off-switch for inflammation

Scientists have discovered a new metabolic process in the body that can switch off inflammation. They found that ‘itaconate’ – a molecule derived from glucose – acts as a powerful off-switch for macrophages, which are the cells in the immune system that lie at the heart of many inflammatory diseases. “It is well known that macrophages cause inflammation, but we have just found that they can be coaxed to make a biochemical called itaconate,” said a scientist.

“This functions as an important brake, or off-switch, on the macrophage, cooling the heat of inflammation in a process never before described,” he said. The discovery, is very much on the frontier of inflammation research and the researchers are now exploring its relevance to the onset and development of inflammatory and infectious diseases. They are also keen to explore whether the findings can be exploited in the effort to develop new anti-inflammatory medicines.

“The macrophage takes the nutrient glucose, whose day job it is to provide energy, and surprisingly turns it into itaconate,” said a scientist. “This then blocks production of inflammatory factors, and also protects mice from the lethal inflammation that can occur during infection,” he said.

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New ingestible antibody to prevent allergy, asthma

Researchers have in a breakthrough developed a new ingestible or inhalable antibody that can prevent allergic reactions and asthma in adults, a finding that could pave way for a far more effective allergy medicine.

The antibody has a unique mechanisms through which it blocks the immune effect behind allergic reactions.

The antibody interacts in a complex biochemical process in the human body by which it prevents the human allergy antibody (IgE) from attaching to cells, thus keeping all allergic symptoms from occurring, the researchers said.

“We can now describe the interaction of this antibody with its target and the conformational changes very accurately. This allows us to understand, how it interferes with the IgE and its specific receptors on the immune cells of the body, which are responsible for releasing histamine in an allergic reaction,” said a researcher.

When exposed to external allergens, an allergic person produces high levels of IgE molecules.
The function of the antibody is that it interferes with binding of IgE to the two specific effector (CD23 and FceRI) on the immune cells, thereby making it impossible for the allergy molecule to bind.

Furthermore, the researchers have observed that the antibody also removes the IgE molecules even after binding to its receptors.

“Once the IgE on immune cells can be eliminated, it doesn’t matter that the body produces millions of allergen-specific IgE molecules. When we can remove the trigger, the allergic reaction and symptoms will not occur,” the researcher said.

In the laboratory, it took only 15 minutes to disrupt the interaction between the allergy molecules and the immune cells.

The researchers have conducted ex vivo experiments with blood cells from patients allergic to birch pollen and insect venom. However, the method can be transferred to virtually all other allergies and asthma, they said.

Because of its chemical structure, the new antibody might be inhaled or swallowed, and these new consumption methods will make easy, cheap and much and more comfortable for the patients to handle.

“It is a so called single domain antibody which easily produced in processes using only microorganisms. It is also extremely stable, and this provides new opportunities for how the antibody can be administered to patients,” the researcher said.

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New Blood Test Can Diagnose Two Cancer Types

Scientists have developed a blood test using infrared spectroscopy that may diagnose two types of cancer, lymphoma and melanoma.
The findings, suggest infrared spectroscopy can detect biochemical changes induced by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a solid tumorous condition of the immune system, and subcutaneous melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

 The technique has diagnostic potential as a screening technique for these cancers, according to researchers.

They used mid-infrared spectroscopy to analyse blood serum derived from experimental mice and differentiate mice with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and subcutaneous melanoma from healthy mice and also between these two tumorous conditions.
The mid-infrared spectral region of the electromagnetic spectrum is frequently used to characterise biological samples at the molecular level.
Studies have found the incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma have increased in many regions and populations over the last decade, specifically three to seven per cent per year among fair-skinned populations, researchers said.
The available diagnostic regimen for both cancers, which includes tissue examination and biopsy, is time-consuming, invasive and costly, resulting in small compliance rates of eligible populations for cancer pre-screening.
Developing a rapid and reliable pre-screening strategy for melanoma and lymphoma is critical because early diagnosis and treatment of these malignancies improve the patients' chances of survival.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) sampling mode provides high-quality results with better reproducibility compared to other vibrational spectroscopy.
It has attracted scientists' attention for its rapid and reliable detection of various health conditions using body fluid samples.
"Our final goal is to say we can use this infrared technique to identify various diseases," said a researcher.

"This study shows infrared spectroscopy can identify cancer. Right now, when you go to the doctor, they do blood tests for sugar and several other things, but not for serious diseases like cancer and colitis. If you are a healthy person, there is a range that is normal.

The researchers used mice with lymphoma and melanoma cancers. Blood serum droplets extracted from cancerous mice and control mice were placed on an ATR crystal of the FTIR instrument.

Incident infrared beams were absorbed and reflected by the serum, creating a wave that was recorded and used to produce an absorbance curve with peaks that identified the presence of certain bio-markers in the sample.

The researchers compared the absorbance curves from the control and tumorous mice and assessed biochemical changes induced by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and subcutaneous melanoma in the serum samples obtained from the research lab.

The study found remarkable differences between the ATR-FTIR spectra of serum samples from tumour-bearing mice with melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and healthy, control mice.

The findings are applicable to humans because mice and humans have some bio-markers and chemicals in common, the researcher said.

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