Drug niraparib benefits women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer

Researchers have discovered a drug named niraparib, can prove beneficial for women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer.

The study demonstrates that administering niraparib after conventional chemotherapy treatment in newly diagnosed patients, improves their progression-free survival and reduces their risk of relapse or death from this disease.

The study shows that administering niraparib reduces risk of relapse or death from this disease by nearly 40 %.

We evaluated the benefits of using niraparib after standard treatment of ovarian cancer based on chemotherapy after surgery. With this new therapeutic approach we've observed a significant improvement in patient progression-free survival and a reduction of almost 40 % of their risk of relapse, said the first author.

Ovarian cancer, diagnosed in around 205,000 women worldwide every year, is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in women in Europe.

It is usually diagnosed between 45 and 75 years, although there are a significant number of patients from 30 years. It is the gynecological tumour that causes more deaths because most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, given the absence of early diagnosis techniques.

The study analysed 733 newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer ( with serious histological type, or endometrium of high grade).

The work consisted of adding niraparib after the conventional first-line chemotherapy treatment for these patients after surgery.

Niraparib is a potent PARP inhibitor drug ( an enzyme involved in DNA repair and cell death) that is used as maintenance therapy in women with ovarian cancer relapse, whether or not they've mutated the BRCA gene ( associated with the risk of suffering from this disease).

In turn, the effect of this treatment was studied in patients with a type of defect in DNA repair called homologous recombination deficiency (HRD).

In patients who did show this deficiency ( half of the women in the study), the benefit of treatment was even more significant, achieving a 57% reduction in the risk of relapse or disease progression.

The safety profile of the drug was similar to that observed in other trials with niraparib.

These findings " suggest considering niraparib as a first option treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after completing first-line chemotherapy", said the Dr.

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Human Stem Cells Fight Parkinson’s Disease in Monkeys

Scientists have successfully used “reprogrammed” stem cells to restore functioning brain cells in monkeys, raising hopes the technique could be used in future to help patients with Parkinson’s disease.
 

Since Parkinson’s is caused by a lack of dopamine made by brain cells, researchers have long hoped to use stem cells to restore normal production of the neurotransmitter chemical.

Now, for the first time,researchers have shown that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be administered safely and effectively to treat primates with symptoms of the debilitating disease.

So-called iPS cells are made by removing mature cells from an individual—often from the skin—and reprogramming them to behave like embryonic stem cells. They can then be coaxed into dopamine-producing brain cells.

The scientists and a world-leader in iPS technology, said their experiment indicated that this approach could potentially be used for the clinical treatment of human patients with Parkinson’s.

In addition to boosting dopamine production, the tests showed improved movement in affected monkeys and no tumors in their brains for at least two years.

The human iPS cells used in the experiment worked whether they came from healthy individuals or Parkinson’s disease patients, the  team reported in the journal.

“This is extremely promising research demonstrating that a safe and highly effective cell therapy for Parkinson’s can be produced in the lab,” said a researcher who was not involved in the research.

The next step will be to test the treatment in a first-in-human clinical trial, which researcher told that he hoped to start by the end of 2018.

Any widespread use of the new therapy is still many years away, but the research has significantly reduced previous uncertainties about iPS-derived cell grafts.

The fact that this research uses iPS cells rather human embryonic stem cells means the treatment would be acceptable in countries such as Ireland and much of Latin America, where embryonic cells are banned.

Excitement about the promise of stem cells has led to hundreds of medical centers springing up around the world claiming to be able to repair damaged tissue in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s.

While some treatments for cancer and skin grafts have been approved by regulators, many other potential therapies are only in early-stage development, prompting a warning last month by health experts about the dangers of “stem-cell tourism”.

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