Drug niraparib benefits women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer

Researchers have discovered a drug named niraparib, can prove beneficial for women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer.

The study demonstrates that administering niraparib after conventional chemotherapy treatment in newly diagnosed patients, improves their progression-free survival and reduces their risk of relapse or death from this disease.

The study shows that administering niraparib reduces risk of relapse or death from this disease by nearly 40 %.

We evaluated the benefits of using niraparib after standard treatment of ovarian cancer based on chemotherapy after surgery. With this new therapeutic approach we've observed a significant improvement in patient progression-free survival and a reduction of almost 40 % of their risk of relapse, said the first author.

Ovarian cancer, diagnosed in around 205,000 women worldwide every year, is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in women in Europe.

It is usually diagnosed between 45 and 75 years, although there are a significant number of patients from 30 years. It is the gynecological tumour that causes more deaths because most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, given the absence of early diagnosis techniques.

The study analysed 733 newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer ( with serious histological type, or endometrium of high grade).

The work consisted of adding niraparib after the conventional first-line chemotherapy treatment for these patients after surgery.

Niraparib is a potent PARP inhibitor drug ( an enzyme involved in DNA repair and cell death) that is used as maintenance therapy in women with ovarian cancer relapse, whether or not they've mutated the BRCA gene ( associated with the risk of suffering from this disease).

In turn, the effect of this treatment was studied in patients with a type of defect in DNA repair called homologous recombination deficiency (HRD).

In patients who did show this deficiency ( half of the women in the study), the benefit of treatment was even more significant, achieving a 57% reduction in the risk of relapse or disease progression.

The safety profile of the drug was similar to that observed in other trials with niraparib.

These findings " suggest considering niraparib as a first option treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after completing first-line chemotherapy", said the Dr.

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Girls may inherit ovarian cancer gene from fathers

Scientists have found a gene responsible for ovarian cancer that can be passed down from fathers to their daughters.
The study found that genes on the X-chromosome get potentially passed down through the father to his daughter, thus increasing the risk of ovarian cancer in girls.
A mutation on the X-chromosome may also advance ovarian cancer's age of onset by more than six years.
"Our study may explain why we find families with multiple affected daughters: because a dad's chromosomes determine the sex of his children, all of his daughters have to carry the same X-chromosome genes," said an Assistant Professor.

The study,  stated that the genetic mutation inherited from the paternal grandmothers were also associated with higher rates of prostate cancer in fathers and sons as well.
The researchers collected information about pairs of granddaughters and grandmothers and sequenced portions of the X-chromosome from 186 women affected by cancer. 
The results proposed that a gene on the X-chromosome may contribute to a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer, independently of other known susceptibility genes, such as the BRCA genes.
This observation suggests that there may be many cases of seemingly sporadic ovarian cancer that are actually inherited, and may lead to improved cancer screening and better genetic risk assessment.  
However, future studies will be needed to confirm the identity and function of this gene. 
"What we have to do next is make sure we have the right gene by sequencing more families. This finding has sparked a lot of discussion within our group about how to find these X-linked families," the Prof. said. 
"It's an all-or-none kind of pattern: A family with three daughters who all have ovarian cancer is more likely to be driven by inherited X mutations than by BRCA mutations," the Prof. noted.

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