Drug niraparib benefits women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer

Researchers have discovered a drug named niraparib, can prove beneficial for women newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer.

The study demonstrates that administering niraparib after conventional chemotherapy treatment in newly diagnosed patients, improves their progression-free survival and reduces their risk of relapse or death from this disease.

The study shows that administering niraparib reduces risk of relapse or death from this disease by nearly 40 %.

We evaluated the benefits of using niraparib after standard treatment of ovarian cancer based on chemotherapy after surgery. With this new therapeutic approach we've observed a significant improvement in patient progression-free survival and a reduction of almost 40 % of their risk of relapse, said the first author.

Ovarian cancer, diagnosed in around 205,000 women worldwide every year, is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in women in Europe.

It is usually diagnosed between 45 and 75 years, although there are a significant number of patients from 30 years. It is the gynecological tumour that causes more deaths because most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, given the absence of early diagnosis techniques.

The study analysed 733 newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer ( with serious histological type, or endometrium of high grade).

The work consisted of adding niraparib after the conventional first-line chemotherapy treatment for these patients after surgery.

Niraparib is a potent PARP inhibitor drug ( an enzyme involved in DNA repair and cell death) that is used as maintenance therapy in women with ovarian cancer relapse, whether or not they've mutated the BRCA gene ( associated with the risk of suffering from this disease).

In turn, the effect of this treatment was studied in patients with a type of defect in DNA repair called homologous recombination deficiency (HRD).

In patients who did show this deficiency ( half of the women in the study), the benefit of treatment was even more significant, achieving a 57% reduction in the risk of relapse or disease progression.

The safety profile of the drug was similar to that observed in other trials with niraparib.

These findings " suggest considering niraparib as a first option treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after completing first-line chemotherapy", said the Dr.

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Researchers develop 'one-two punch' to destroy cancerous ovarian cells

Researchers have developed a two-step combination therapy 'one-two punch' to destroy cancer cells.

The study showed the superior therapeutic effectiveness of the 'one-two punch' on cells of ovarian cancer patients, based on the manipulation of the state of cellular aging.

"In the case of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)--the most common and lethal ovarian cancer--we act in two stages. First, we force the cancer cells to age prematurely i.e., we force them into senescence. This is the first therapeutic punch. We throw our second punch using senolysis, destroying and eliminating them. This strategy requires excellent coordination of the two steps," explained  a researcher.

The team of researchers, discovered that EOC cells enter senescence following chemotherapy in combination with PARP inhibitors. PARPs are enzymes that help repair damage to DNA. By blocking PARPs, PARP inhibitors prevent cancer cells from repairing their DNA, stop them from proliferating and cause them to age prematurely.

"Thanks to our 'one-two punch' approach, we have managed to destroy senescent EOC cells in preclinical ovarian cancer models. Our approach could improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in combination with PARP inhibitors and counteract the systematic resistance that develops with this treatment," said another researcher.

"Our 'one-two punch strategy' was also tested on preclinical ovarian and breast cancer models, which allowed us to validate its effectiveness," commented Mes-Masson.

Although the results of this study will be used to propose clinical trials for ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer, Rodier said that it is important to remember that they used preclinical models in which there was no immune system. "Given the importance of the immune response in humans, we need to continue evaluating our strategy in a context closer to biological reality." 

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Smokers with gene defect may get lung cancer

The BRCA mutations already greatly raise the risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. Smoking causes several ailments, from heart disease to stroke, emphysema and cancer. But the chance of any individual smoker developing lung cancer is only 15 percent. The researchers then started the study with an aim to find if a genetic factor was involved in this.

The researchers were not looking for mutations in BRCA2. For the study, a genome-wide association study was conducted by the researchers, They looked at all the known genes and compared genetic data on more than 11,000 lung cancer patients and 15,000 people who did not have lung cancer.

The researchers found 50 potential mutations of interest, and then focused their study on some mutations in the BRCA2 gene. The researchers said that for a smoker carrying this variant, the risk of developing lung cancer is approximately doubled. The study suggests that cancer drugs called PARP inhibitors might help lung cancer patients with this mutation.

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