Cinnamon helps to burn fat !

The aromatic spice that is used to bake apple pies, apple cakes, pumpkin recipes- cinnamon- helps to shed weight according to a research.
 
Experiments have shown the main ingredient in the super-food — called cinnamaldehyde — burns fat in humans, adding to evidence surrounding the spice’s remarkable powers.

Once more valuable than gold, cinnamon — a popular ingredient in pumpkin spice lattes, mulled wine and egg-nog over the festive season — has been linked to reducing the risk of diabetes, lowering cholesterol, relieving symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and staving off heart disease and cancer.

Now scientists have demonstrated the mechanism behind its health benefits for the first time – opening the door to a “cinnamon pill” to treat a range of conditions.

A Prof. said: “Cinnamon has been part of our diets for thousands of years – and people generally enjoy it.”

“So if it can help protect against obesity, too, it may offer an approach to metabolic health that is easier for patients to adhere to.”

Prof. said cinnamon is already used widely in food so it might be easier to convince patients to stick to a cinnamon-based treatment than to a traditional medicine.

Cinnamaldehyde is the active compound in cinnamon and is also responsible for the flavor that lifts dishes.

Prof. says it could now be enlisted in the fight against obesity after she shed better light on understanding its action and discovering it might indeed protect human well-being.

Previous studies have observed the essential oil appeared to stop mice becoming obese and developing high blood sugar which can trigger diabetes.

The Prof. said: “Scientists were finding this compound affected metabolism.” 

“So we wanted to figure out how – what pathway might be involved, what it looked like in mice and what it looked like in human cells.”

Their findings, indicated cinnamaldehyde improves metabolic health by acting directly on fat cells called adipocytes.

This is by causing them to start burning fat through a process called thermogenesis which uses up energy to destroy calories.

Her team tested the adipocytes of volunteers with a range of ages, ethnicities and BMIs (body mass indices).

When the cells were treated with cinnamaldehyde they noticed increased expression of several genes and enzymes that boost metabolism of blood fats, or lipids.

They also observed an increase in proteins known as Ucp1 and Fgf21 – which help regulate thermogenesis.

Adipocytes normally store energy in the form of lipids. This benefitted our distant ancestors who had a much greater need for long-term storage as they had much less access to high-fat foods.

That could then be used by the body in times of scarcity or in cold temperatures which induce adipocytes to convert stored energy into heat.

The Prof. said: “It’s only been relatively recently energy surplus has become a problem. Throughout evolution the opposite – energy deficiency – has been the problem.”

“So any energy-consuming process usually turns off the moment the body doesn’t need it.”

With the rising obesity epidemic researchers  have been looking for ways to prompt fat cells to activate thermogenesis — turning those fat-burning processes back on.

She believes cinnamaldehyde may offer one such activation method.

But she warned against winter revellers loading their egg-nog or mulled wine with extra cinnamon to keep the Christmas pounds at bay.

She said further studies are needed to determine how best to harness cinnamaldehyde’s metabolic benefits without causing adverse side effects.

One earlier study found cinnamaldehyde stimulated the metabolism of the fatty visceral tissue in mice suggesting the spice could combat a pot belly.

Cinnamon is made from the inner bark of the Cinnamomum tree and from this cinnamon sticks and cinnamon powder are made.

Cinnamon is also loaded with antioxidants and the spice can help stop inflammation. Some researchers found cinnamon will help lower the stomach temperature – which aids digestion – up to two degrees.

This property may also explain why the rust-colored spice from a tree bark is so popular in hot countries.

In 2010, a study found a cinnamon-water solution contains antioxidants that can cut the chances of getting obesity or diabetes by up to 23 percent.

The household ingredient could also aid those with Parkinson’s disease. Scientists said in 2014 that the spice is the source of a chemical that can protect the brain.

Livers convert cinnamon into sodium benzonate – an approved drug used in the treatment for brain disorders.

In a study of mice the found it enters the brain, stops the loss of proteins, protects neurons and improves motor functions.

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Natural Process for Scar-free Wound Healing Developed

Scars are often the unwanted and permanent result of wound healing, but University of California, Irvine and University of Pennsylvania researchers have discovered a natural regeneration process that stimulates scar-free skin repair.

Their study results, which appear in Science, point the way toward possible clinical treatments for scar-free wound healing, a highly desirable yet unmet need.

UCI’s Maksim Plikus, Penn’s George Cotsarelis and their colleagues identified in mouse studies never-before-seen cellular and molecular processes in which large wounds in adult mice regenerated nearly normal-looking skin, complete with new hair follicles and fat tissue. Ultimately, the center of the wound became nearly indistinguishable from normal, unwounded skin.

How did this occur?

“Typically, myofibroblasts, the primary cell type found in wounds, were thought to be incapable of becoming other cell types. However, our team found that wound myofibroblasts can efficiently and stably convert into new distinct cell types, specifically new adipocytes, which are the fat-laden cells necessary for healthy skin,” explained Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez, a graduate student in Plikus’ lab who worked closely on the project.

Guerrero-Juarez said their study established that wounds with hair follicles produce the instructive factors that can reprogram myofibroblasts into adipocytes. Critical for driving the rewiring of cells’ identity is bone morphogenic protein signaling. In skin wounds, hair follicles secrete large amounts of these BMP molecules. The fact that hair follicles act as the natural source of BMPs explains why hairless wounds cannot regenerate adipocytes.
“Essentially, we can manipulate wound healing so that it leads to skin regeneration rather than scarring,” said Cotsarelis, chair of dermatology and Milton Bixler Hartzell Professor of Dermatology at Penn and principal investigator on the project. “The secret is to regenerate hair follicles first. After that, the fat will regenerate in response to the signals from those follicles.”

“In culture conditions, exposure of human fibroblasts derived from keloids, a type of skin scar, to either pure BMP or to human hair follicles is sufficient to drive their reprogramming toward new adipocytes. This shows that our findings from mice are translatable to humans,” said Plikus, an assistant professor of developmental & cell biology at UCI.

He noted that regenerating fat cells in skin can be beneficial for conditions beyond scarring. The process could potentially become a new anti-aging treatment, as the formation of deep wrinkles is thought to result from permanent loss of skin fat. Without underlying fat, the skin’s surface shrinks and wrinkles like a deflating balloon. Another recent study in Science, to which Plikus’ lab contributed, showed that, beyond their cosmetic value, fat cells possess strong antimicrobial properties that help skin fend off infection.

The next step is to translate these basic research findings into clinical approaches for treating healing wounds and aging skin in patients, but Plikus said it would take more time.

“Theoretically, this can be achieved via injections of signaling molecules directly inside the scar, such as with a small insulin syringe (similar to how Botox injections are now done),” he said. “Also, small-molecule agonists and antagonists that modulate signaling pathways critical for fat cell formation can be potentially developed into cream formulations.”

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