You
may be familiar with heat exhaustion, which is worrisome, but less
extreme when compared to heat stroke. Whereas the latter body
temperature usually maxes out at 102°F, someone suffering from a heat
stroke will likely have their body temperature at 105°F or higher! As
your temperature rises, your skin may flush red and your heart could
start racing as it tries to cool your body down.
2. Your organs start to fail
Once
your body temperature soars to 105 and over, your organs can shut down.
The kidneys, the liver, the heart and the brain can be affected. If
your kidneys start to fail you may spot red urine.
3. You feel nauseated
One of the most common symptoms of
heat exhaustion is feeling queasy, accompanied by other signs such
as fatigue and vomiting. If recognized early, head to a cool place and
replenish lost fluids and electrolytes by having a sports drink.
4. You are confused
Another marker of a heat stroke
are changes in mental status, confusion and delirium. The changes also
indicate that you have moved from heat exhaustion to a life-threatening
heat stroke. 70% of people who get to this stage can die from it. By
this point, you won't be able to converse or think clearly enough to
step away from the heat and get the help you need. If you ever feel
slightly woozy, move indoors as soon as possible.
Other symptoms may include:
Throbbing headache
dizziness and light-headedness
hardly sweating despite the heat
Red, hot, and dry skin
Muscle weakness or cramps
Rapid heartbeat, which may be either strong or weak
Rapid, shallow breathing
Behavioral changes such as confusion, disorientation, or staggering
Seizures
Unconsciousness
First Aid
If you suspect that someone has a heat stroke, immediately call 911
or transport the person to a hospital. Any delay seeking medical help
can be fatal.
While waiting for the paramedics to arrive, initiate first aid. Move the person to an air-conditioned environment -- or at least a cool, shady area -- and remove any unnecessary clothing.
If possible, take the person's core body temperature and
initiate first aid to cool it to 101 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. (If no
thermometers are available, don't hesitate to initiate first
aid.)
Try these cooling strategies:
Fan air over the patient while wetting his or her skin with water from a sponge or garden hose.
Apply ice packs to the patient's armpits, groin, neck, and back. Because these areas are rich with blood vessels close to the skin, cooling them may reduce body temperature.
Immerse the patient in a shower or tub of cool water.
If the person is young and healthy and suffered heat stroke while exercising vigorously -- what’s known as exertional heat stroke -- you can use an ice bath to help cool the body.
Do not use ice for older patients, young children, patients
with chronic illness, or anyone whose heat stroke occurred without
vigorous exercise. Doing so can be dangerous.
If emergency response is delayed, call the hospital emergency room for additional instructions.
Risk Factors for Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is most likely to affect older people who live in
apartments or homes lacking air conditioning or good airflow. Other
high-risk groups include people of any age who don't drink enough water,
have chronic diseases, or who drink excessive amounts of alcohol.
Heat stroke is strongly related to the heat index, which is a
measurement of how hot you feel when the effects of relative humidity
and air temperature are combined. A relative humidity of 60% or more
hampers sweat evaporation, which hinders your body's ability to cool
itself.
The risk of heat-related illness dramatically increases when
the heat index climbs to 90 degrees or more. So it's important --
especially during heat waves -- to pay attention to the reported heat
index, and also to remember that exposure to full sunshine can increase
the reported heat index by 15 degrees.
Other risk factors associated with heat-related illness include:
Age. Infants and children up to age 4, and adults over
age 65, are particularly vulnerable because they adjust to heat more
slowly than other people.
Health conditions. These include heart, lung, or kidney disease, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, diabetes, mental illness, sickle cell trait, sunburn, and any conditions that cause fever.
Medications-It includes antihistamines, diet pills, diuretics, sedatives, tranquilisers, stimulants, seizure medications (anticonvulsants), heart and blood pressure medications such as beta-blockers and vasoconstrictors, and medications for psychiatric illnesses such as antidepressants and anti-psychotics. Illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine also are associated with increased risk of heat stroke.
People with diabetes
-- who are at increased risk of emergency room visits, hospitalization,
and death from heat-related illness -- may be especially likely to
underestimate their risk during heat waves, according to a recent study.
Check with your doctor to see if your health conditions and
medications are likely to affect your ability to cope with extreme heat
and humidity.
Prevention-
When the temperature is high, it's best to stay in an air-conditioned
environment. If you must go outdoors, you can prevent heat stroke by
taking these steps:
Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, and a wide-brimmed hat, or carry an umbrella.
Use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or more.
Drink more fluids. To prevent dehydration, it's generally
recommended to drink at least eight glasses of water, fruit juice, or
vegetable juice per day. As heat-related illness also can result
from salt depletion, it may be advisable to substitute an
electrolyte-rich sports drink for water during periods of extreme heat
and humidity.
Take additional precautions when exercising or working
outdoors.The general recommendation is to drink 24 ounces of fluid two
hours before exercise, and consider adding another 8 ounces of water or
sports drink right before exercise. During exercise, you should consume
another 8 ounces of water every 20 minutes, even if you don't feel
thirsty. Best is to exercise early morning, when the temperature will not be so high.
Symptoms and Treatment
Monitoring the color of your urine. Darker urine is a sign
of dehydration. Be sure to drink enough fluids to maintain very
light-colored urine.
Measuring your weight before and after physical activity.
Monitoring lost water weight can help you determine how much fluid you
need to drink.
Avoid fluids containing caffeine or alcohol, because both
substances can make you lose more fluids and worsen heat-related
illness. Also, do not take salt tablets unless your doctor has told you
to do so. The easiest and safest way to replace salt and other
electrolytes during heat waves is to drink sports beverages or fruit
juice.
Check with your doctor before increasing liquid intake if you
have epilepsy or heart, kidney, or liver disease; are on
fluid-restricted diets; or have a problem with fluid retention.
If you live in an apartment or house without fans or air conditioning,
try to spend at least two hours each day -- preferably during the
hottest part of the day -- in an air-conditioned environment. At home,
draw your curtains, shades, or blinds during the hottest part of the
day, and open windows at night on two sides of your building to create
cross-ventilation.
After you've recovered from heat stroke, you'll probably be more
sensitive to high temperatures during the following week. So it's best
to avoid hot weather and heavy exercise until your doctor tells you that
it's safe to resume your normal activities.
HIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE
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