Breast cancer raises heart disease risk

Researchers have found that postmenopausal women with breast cancer are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

“Heart disease appears more commonly in women treated for breast cancer because of the toxicities of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and use of aromatase inhibitors, which lower estrogen,” said a Prof.

The cardiovascular effects may occur more than five years after radiation exposure, with the risk persisting for up to 30 years.

“Heart-healthy lifestyle modifications will decrease both the risk of recurrent breast cancer and the risk of developing heart disease,” she said.

The goal of the study was to compare and evaluate risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women who are survivors of breast cancer and women without breast cancer. 

For the findings, more than 90 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were compared with 192 postmenopausal women.

The researchers found that postmenopausal women who are survivors of breast cancer showed a markedly stronger association with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, atherosclerosis, 
hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The risk of cardiovascular mortality similarly increased to match death rates from cancer itself.

“Women should schedule a cardiology consultation when breast cancer is diagnosed and continue with ongoing follow-up after cancer treatments are completed,” she added.

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Passive Smoking Can Raise Kidney Disease Risk

Besides affecting your heart and lungs, exposure to second-hand or passive smoking can also raise the chances of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can lead to renal failure, warns a new study.
The findings showed that individuals with less or more than 3 days of exposure per week had nearly double the risk of having kidney disease when compared with participants with no second-hand cigarette exposure.

"Second-hand smoke exposure at home or in the workplace is still prevalent despite legislative actions prohibiting public smoking," said a researcher.

"This exposure was found to be clearly related with CKD, even with less-frequent amounts of second-hand smoke exposure," he added.

For the study,  the team included 131,196 non-smokers and were classified into three groups: no-exposure, less than three days per week of exposure, and three or more days per week of exposure.

Cigarette smoking and exposure to second-hand smoking have been linked with higher risks of various diseases.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), smoking tobacco is globally the second leading cause of heart diseases after high blood pressure. Nearly 12 per cent of cardiovascular deaths worldwide occur due to tobacco abuse and second-hand smoking.

The global health body states that of the seven million lives that tobacco claims worldwide each year, almost 900,000 are passive-smokers.

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Working 9 hours a day can raise depression risk in women

Working for nine plus hours a day could put women at higher risk of depression, but not men, finds a study.

Women who worked extra long hours, more than 55 hours a week, had 7.3 per cent more depressive symptoms than women working a standard 35-40 hours a week. 

However, the same was not the case in men, the study found.

"This is an observational study. Although we cannot establish the exact causes, we do know many women face the additional burden of doing a larger share of domestic labour than men, leading to extensive total work hours, added time pressures and overwhelming responsibilities," said lead researcher.

"Additionally, women who work most weekends tend to be concentrated in low-paid service sector jobs, which have been linked to higher levels of depression," Weston said. 

For the study, the team included 11,215 working men and 12,188 working women. 

The study also showed working on weekends was linked to a higher risk of depression among both men (3.4 per cent) and women (4.6 per cent).

Two-thirds of men worked on weekends compared with half of women. Those who worked all or most weekends were more likely to be in low-skilled jobs and were less satisfied with their job and earnings than those who only worked on weekdays or some weekends.

"We hope our findings will encourage employers and policy-makers to think about how to reduce the burdens and increase support for women who work long or irregular hours -- without restricting their ability to work when they wish to," Weston said.

"More sympathetic working practices could bring benefits both for workers and for employers of both sexes," she suggested.

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