No chemotherapy needed to treat cancer, claims new research

A team of 11 scientists from the Cleveland Clinic in the US and a researcher from Allahabad University (AU) have found a way in which chemo and radiation therapy will not be required to kill cancer cells.

The work of the team led by Yang Li, Professor of Cancer Biology at the Cleveland Clinic, and assisted by Munish Pandey, Assistant Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, AU, has been published in the prestigious journal 'Oncogene by Nature'.

The research bears significance as the work promises a treatment using which the cancer patients will be saved from the side effects of chemo and radiation therapy.

After its successful experiment on rats, efforts are now being intensified to apply it on the human body.

Pandey said: "The study may give relief to cancer patient who undergoes chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses radiation and other drugs which has many side effects and evoke immune system that causes severe pain and allergic reaction. The team has earlier developed knockout mice for miR-21 and the same was published in 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences' of the US (PNAS) journal. MicroRNA-21 (small non-coding RNA) is one of the most abundant microRNAs in mammalian cells that regulates apoptosis (programme cell death) and oncogenic effects.

"I have worked along with the American scientists and invented an alternative to chemotherapy and drugs in the treatment of cancer, which damage normal cells along with cancer cells during cancer treatment. This successful experiment was done by a team of 11 scientists in the Cleveland Clinic and Yang Li. Our team while experimenting on mice injected its anti-sense into mice to make miR-21 ineffective."

Following this, it was found that the tumour formed in the body of the rat gradually became smaller and some tumours disappeared completely.

This experiment went on for a year in America. However, it has not yet been used on the human body. Now the effort has been intensified to apply it on the human body, Pandey said.

He added that due to cancer, tumours are formed in the body which are eliminated through chemotherapy and drugs. In this process of treatment along with cancer cells, normal cells are also damaged and has a negative effect on the body.

The group is working on other programmed cell death mechanisms, microRNAs and chemeric antigen T-cell therapy to tackle carcinogenicity in mice model.

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Cancer vaccine that cured mice to be tested in humans this year

A cancer vaccine that cured 97 percent of tumours in mice will be tested on humans with low-grade lymphoma later this year.

Patients receiving the vaccine, which contains two drugs proven for their safety, will not require any chemotherapy, with the jab's side effects expected to be just fever and injection-site soreness. 

If approved, researchers do not expect the treatment to be available for another year or two.

Rather than creating lasting immunity, the jab works by activating the immune system to attack tumours.

This is expected to be effective in low-grade lymphoma, which affects certain white blood cells and generally responds to treatment, due to it often being detected by the immune system, unlike other forms of the disease, such as bowel cancer.   

Around 1.7 million new people develop cancer every year in the US. 

Lead author said: 'We have a huge problem in cancer and we will never be satisfied until we find solutions for everyone.'

What the study will involve
The vaccine will be tested across two studies. 

A total of 35 lymphoma patients will take part in the trials overall.

Each participant will receive a low dose of radiation alongside two rounds of the vaccine. 

Further details, such as the time between vaccines and participants' ages, are unclear.

'Tip of the iceberg' of cancer treatment 

A similar immune-system targeting approach is already approved for types of leukemia and lymphoma.

This involves removing immune cells from patients' bodies and genetically engineering them to attack tumours before they are reintroduced.

Yet such a treatment, known as CAR-T, costs around half a million dollars per patient and can cause fever, confusion, organ failure, and immune-system dysfunction. 

Cancer specialist said: 'It's not a trivial therapy.'

She adds research should be carried out to determine if tumours can be manipulated to make them respond better to the immune system.

Dr said: 'Can we make the tumor more visible to the immune system? We are at the tip of the iceberg right now.'

Cancer drug hijacks tumours' 'survival mechanisms' 

This comes after research released in January this year suggested a cancer drug is in development that could stop the disease in its tracks.

The unnamed medication targets a specific enzyme that fuels the spread of tumours.

It does this by binding to the membrane of rapidly multiplying cells, a study found.

This hijacks cancer's 'survival mechanism' and prevents tumours from attaching to the protein they need to thrive. 

It is unclear when the drug could be available. 

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