No chemotherapy needed to treat cancer, claims new research

A team of 11 scientists from the Cleveland Clinic in the US and a researcher from Allahabad University (AU) have found a way in which chemo and radiation therapy will not be required to kill cancer cells.

The work of the team led by Yang Li, Professor of Cancer Biology at the Cleveland Clinic, and assisted by Munish Pandey, Assistant Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, AU, has been published in the prestigious journal 'Oncogene by Nature'.

The research bears significance as the work promises a treatment using which the cancer patients will be saved from the side effects of chemo and radiation therapy.

After its successful experiment on rats, efforts are now being intensified to apply it on the human body.

Pandey said: "The study may give relief to cancer patient who undergoes chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses radiation and other drugs which has many side effects and evoke immune system that causes severe pain and allergic reaction. The team has earlier developed knockout mice for miR-21 and the same was published in 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences' of the US (PNAS) journal. MicroRNA-21 (small non-coding RNA) is one of the most abundant microRNAs in mammalian cells that regulates apoptosis (programme cell death) and oncogenic effects.

"I have worked along with the American scientists and invented an alternative to chemotherapy and drugs in the treatment of cancer, which damage normal cells along with cancer cells during cancer treatment. This successful experiment was done by a team of 11 scientists in the Cleveland Clinic and Yang Li. Our team while experimenting on mice injected its anti-sense into mice to make miR-21 ineffective."

Following this, it was found that the tumour formed in the body of the rat gradually became smaller and some tumours disappeared completely.

This experiment went on for a year in America. However, it has not yet been used on the human body. Now the effort has been intensified to apply it on the human body, Pandey said.

He added that due to cancer, tumours are formed in the body which are eliminated through chemotherapy and drugs. In this process of treatment along with cancer cells, normal cells are also damaged and has a negative effect on the body.

The group is working on other programmed cell death mechanisms, microRNAs and chemeric antigen T-cell therapy to tackle carcinogenicity in mice model.

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Bacteria can 'outsmart' programmed cell death

Certain bacteria can override a defence mechanism of the immune system, so-called programmed cell death, through inhibition of death effector molecules by their outer membranes components. Shigella bacteria, which causes diarrhea, uses lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on their surface to block the effector caspases. Lipoplysaccharides are a component of the bacterial outer membrane. This strategy enables the bacteria to multiply within the cell.

This is the result of a study conducted by the molecular immunologist researchers from Cologne.

Various bacterial pathogens can escape our immune system by staying and multiplying within our body cells ( intracellularly). The intracellular propogation of pathogens later leads to cell breakdown and the release of microorganisms that infect neighbouring cells, spread and cause tissue damage and infectious disease.

However, the body has a response to this bacterial strategy programmed cell death, or apoptosis, reacts to cellular stress situations during infections and causes quick suicide of the infected cells.
Due to this rapid self-destruction programme of our body cells, pathogens cannot multiply- the immune system successfully eliminates them.

Scientists have observed in the past that pathogens can effectively block apoptosis, allowing them to reproduce and spread intracellularly. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for how these bacteria 'outsmarted' the immune system was largely unknown.

Research has now shown that the pathogen that causes shnigellosis ( Shigella), a typical cause of acute inflammatory diarrhea, blocks apoptosis by efficiently blocking certain enzymes, so-called caspases, which act as engines that initiate apoptosis.

The biologists showed that lipopolusaccharides bind and block the caspase. Bacteria without complete LPS, on the other hand, spark apoptosis, which blocks them from reproducing intracellularly.

They are successfully eliminated by the immune system and thus no longer able to cause infectious disease. This research has this deciphered an important bacterial strategy to prevent the rapid death of the host cell and establish a niche to spread.

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https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
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