Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Cancer vaccine that cured mice to be tested in humans this year

A cancer vaccine that cured 97 percent of tumours in mice will be tested on humans with low-grade lymphoma later this year.

Patients receiving the vaccine, which contains two drugs proven for their safety, will not require any chemotherapy, with the jab's side effects expected to be just fever and injection-site soreness. 

If approved, researchers do not expect the treatment to be available for another year or two.

Rather than creating lasting immunity, the jab works by activating the immune system to attack tumours.

This is expected to be effective in low-grade lymphoma, which affects certain white blood cells and generally responds to treatment, due to it often being detected by the immune system, unlike other forms of the disease, such as bowel cancer.   

Around 1.7 million new people develop cancer every year in the US. 

Lead author said: 'We have a huge problem in cancer and we will never be satisfied until we find solutions for everyone.'

What the study will involve
The vaccine will be tested across two studies. 

A total of 35 lymphoma patients will take part in the trials overall.

Each participant will receive a low dose of radiation alongside two rounds of the vaccine. 

Further details, such as the time between vaccines and participants' ages, are unclear.

'Tip of the iceberg' of cancer treatment 

A similar immune-system targeting approach is already approved for types of leukemia and lymphoma.

This involves removing immune cells from patients' bodies and genetically engineering them to attack tumours before they are reintroduced.

Yet such a treatment, known as CAR-T, costs around half a million dollars per patient and can cause fever, confusion, organ failure, and immune-system dysfunction. 

Cancer specialist said: 'It's not a trivial therapy.'

She adds research should be carried out to determine if tumours can be manipulated to make them respond better to the immune system.

Dr said: 'Can we make the tumor more visible to the immune system? We are at the tip of the iceberg right now.'

Cancer drug hijacks tumours' 'survival mechanisms' 

This comes after research released in January this year suggested a cancer drug is in development that could stop the disease in its tracks.

The unnamed medication targets a specific enzyme that fuels the spread of tumours.

It does this by binding to the membrane of rapidly multiplying cells, a study found.

This hijacks cancer's 'survival mechanism' and prevents tumours from attaching to the protein they need to thrive. 

It is unclear when the drug could be available. 

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