Antidepressant clomipramine can ease the symptoms of multiple sclerosis,

Antidepressant drug clomipramine may help combat the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), suggests a study. As yet, drugs for this type of MS have been virtually non-existent. In MS patients, leukocytes damage the layer surrounding nerve cells, the so-called myelin sheath. This results in neurological disturbances; in 85 percent of patients, the disease is characterised by clearly defined relapses and may cause e.g. visual impairment, paralysis or numbness. The majority of patients experience gradual deterioration after 15 to 20 years, which is referred to as progression. In ten percent of the patients, the disease is progressive from the outset, without any relapses along the way.

Researchers  screened 1,040 generic therapeutics and, based on pre-clinical studies, identified one that is suitable for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Today, twelve drugs have been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; for the progressive types, on the other hand, only a few therapy approaches exist. “The mechanisms causing damage in progressive MS are not always the same as in relapsing-remitting MS. This is why the latter requires different therapeutic approaches,” says a researcher. 

The team worked with approved drugs, the side effects of which have already been amply documented. From among those drugs, the researchers selected 249 well-tolerated therapeutics that enter the nervous system safely; this is where chronic inflammation occurs in progressive MS. Using cell cultures, they tested which of the 249 substances are capable of protecting nerve cells from the damaging influence of iron. In MS patients, iron is released due to cell damage, damaging nerve cells in turn.

Following those tests, 35 potential candidates were identified; the researchers subsequently analysed them with regard to additional properties: investigating, for example, if they can reduce damage to mitochondria – the powerhouses of the cells – or if they minimise the activity of leukocytes that attack the insulation of nerve cells in MS patients. In the process, the drug clomipramine proved promising.

In the next step, the researchers analysed the substance in mice suffering from a disease comparable with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in humans. The therapy suppressed the neurological disturbances completely; as a result, damages to the nerve cells and inflammation were minimised. In a subsequent test, they treated mice with a disease that resembles progressive MS in humans. Here, too, the therapy proved effective, provided the researchers applied it immediately after the first clinical symptoms became apparent. Symptoms such as paralysis were thus reduced – unlike in control animals that were treated with placebo drugs. 

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IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS D AND B-12 TO US.

We're what we eat. But often, due to the pressures of work, we often forget to consume the vital vitamins, minerals and other nutrients needed by our bodies to keep us healthy. Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin, as basically our body can't produce it, but when we're exposed to the Sun's rays, our body is able to make this precious vitamin to keep our bones strong. 

As for Vitamin B 12, mostly as we age, we're deficient in this vitamin, all the more so, if you're a vegetarian. This vitamin is needed to produce red blood cells in our body.

Listed below are some other benefits of these vitamins-
Vitamin B 12-
1)Boosts Energy -Vitamin B12  keeps your cells fed, happy, and healthy. Without it, your cells get hungry and you feel weak, tired, and like you’re dragging all the time. The nutrient releases energy into the cell and provides you with the appropriate balance you need for thinking and moving throughout your day.

2. Protects the Heart -Our heart and the cardiovascular system needs B12. One of its jobs is to remove a dangerous protein called homocysteine from the blood. If homocysteine is allowed to roam through blood, it damages your arteries leading to inflammation and heart disease. Get enough B12 and you’ll keep homocysteine levels down and your heart happy.

3. Your Bones Need It -Studies have found patients with osteoporosis have higher levels of homocysteine and low levels of B12 than people with strong, healthy bones. If you suffer from osteoporosis or similar bone issues, speak to your doctor about getting your vitamin B12 levels tested.

4. Prevents Nerve Damage-Your nerves have a protective covering to keep them safe from toxins and free radicals in your blood. Without these coverings, called myelin sheaths, exposed nerves get damaged and may even die. These dead nerves disrupt signals to and from the brain and may play a role in nerve-related conditions. Vitamin B 12 supports the way your body replenishes this protective covering.

5. Improves Mood and Outlook- Your brain uses a chemical called serotonin to regulate your mood. If you aren’t getting enough B12, you may find yourself feeling down. One study of diabetic patients experiencing side effects of depression from Metformin found those who took B12 enjoyed a more positive outlook. 

6. Protects Brain Health-  Researchers have noted Alzheimer's patients have much lower levels of B12 than those of a similar age who have sharp, clear memory. In the same way B12 helps protect nerve cells, it helps protect the myelin sheaths of brain cells that are often lacking in Alzheimer’s patients. Some research suggests that cobalamin deficiency may cause a type of dementia in elderly patients that is in fact reversible with the right nutritional intervention. 

7. Keeps You Looking and Feeling Young - Aging happens when your cells begin to wear and tear, and they age faster when your DNA doesn’t replicate correctly. Many factors can affect DNA replication, like free radicals, toxins in the blood, high blood sugar, and high levels of omega-6 fats in your diet. B12 supports DNA health, thereby keeping your cells younger. And when your cells are young, you look and feel young too. 

 Importance of Vitamin D

Vitamin D is very important for strong bones. Calcium and phosphorus are essential for developing the structure and strength of your bones, and you need vitamin D to absorb these minerals. Even if you eat foods that contain a lot of calcium and phosphorus, without enough vitamin D, you can’t absorb them into your body. Vitamin D is important for general good health, and researchers now are discovering that vitamin D may be important for many other reasons outside of good bone health. 
Some of the functions of the body that vitamin D helps with include:
1) Vitamin D reduces the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, heart diseases and flu.
2) Our muscles need this vitamin for proper functions.
3) for proper functioning of the respiratory system, healthy lungs and airway, as those suffering from asthma, have less Vitamin D !
4) It fights depression
5) Fights certain types of cancer- prostate, breast, colon cancers
6) It is needed for the proper development of the brain.

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HEALTH BENEFITS OF VITAMIN B 12

1. Provides energy: Vitamin B12 is needed for energy supply. It generates energy in your body and takes away lethargy from you. Your cells stay happy and healthy with the intake of vitamin B12. It balances your life by providing you the right amount of energy.
2. For heart health: The cardiovascular system requires vitamin B12 for proper functioning. It removes a harmful protein homocysteine from the bloodstream. This compound can damage arteries and cause inflammatory and heart diseases.
3. Strong bones: Researchers have found that patients with osteoporosis have greater amounts of homocysteine in the blood. They have lower amounts of vitamin B12 in their bodies. Thus, sufficient intake of vitamin B12 protects bones. They help in calcium absorption and keep bones healthy.
4. Prevents nerve damage: Vitamin B12 safeguards your nerves by keeping them away from toxins and free and harmful radicals in the bloodstream. They form a covering on the nerves called myelin sheaths. Nerves get damaged completely or partially without these covering.
5. Keeps depression at bay: It regulates your mood by the production of a chemical called serotonin. Deficiency of vitamin b12 makes you feel lonely, irritated or frustrated always.
6. Protects brain: Researchers believe that Alzheimer's patients have poor B12 levels in the blood. This vitamin helps in protection of nerve cells and their coverings. They also protect the myelin sheaths of brain cells. An adequate amount of vitamin B12 in the body keeps you away from dementia.       
   
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