7 most common monsoon diseases: How to prevent them

The rains may have brought respite from humidity and sweltering heat, but at the same time, it unleashed a series of unwanted and harmful viruses and diseases, leaving no stone unturned to reach out to the common man in various forms.
Here are the most common diseases that you need to watch out for:

Dengue

A mosquito-borne viral disease, dengue is one of the most common diseases of monsoon season in India. The common symptoms of dengue are high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain. The national capital, Delhi, has so witnessed one death while as many as 945 cases of dengue have been recorded so far this season.
Use mosquito nets, spray insecticides and insect repellents to prevent diseases caused by mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, malaria, etc.

Chikungunya

Another viral disease characterised by fever, severe joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash, chikungunya is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes - Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Malaria

A life-threatening mosquito-borne blood disease caused by a Plasmodium parasite, malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms of malaria include chills, fever and sweating, usually occurring a few weeks after being bitten.

Colds and flu

The sudden change in weather, causing fluctuations in temperature, is a main cause of cold and flu during the rainy season. During monsoons, the immune system weakens and becomes vulnerable to cough, cold and flu. Symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, congestion, high fever, etc.

Viral fever

Viral fever refers to a wide range of infections, lasting from 5 to 7 days. It is one of the most common diseases in monsoon, usually characterised by fever, body aches fatigue, headaches, and sometimes nausea and vomiting.

Washing hands before eating any food, not touching your nose and mouth with your hand without washing them, avoiding crowded places can help reduce your risk or prevent viral infections.

Typhoid

Cases typhoid rise on a large scale during monsoon. It is an infection transmitted by consuming food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. Symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, weakness and fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rash, etc.
Besides vaccination, maintaining a good hygiene such as, frequent hand-washing in hot, soapy water, not drinking untreated water, avoiding raw fruits and vegetables can help control typhoid fever.

Stomach infections

Stomach infections are a common problem during monsoons because your ability to digest food decreases as well as chances of food contamination is high. Drinking lots of water, eating foods that are warm and are easily digestible, avoiding raw or under-cooked foods can be helpful.
 

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Intestinal fungi increases risk in alcoholic liver disease sufferers' health

A team of researchers has found that intestinal fungi, chronic liver damage, increase risk of death for the people with alcohol-related liver disease.

The study also found that anti-fungal compounds like amphotericin B protect from the alcohol-related liver disease progression.Yet, apart from alcohol abstinence, there are no specific treatments to reduce the severity of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Senior author Bernd Schnabl from the University of California San Diego said that they might be able to slow the progression of alcoholic liver disease by manipulating the balance of fungal species living in a patient's intestine.

The team found that fungi flourished in the intestines of the mice with chronic alcohol exposure.Chronic inflammation kills liver cells and ultimately promotes alcoholic liver disease.The researchers were able to protect mice from alcohol-induced liver disease by treating them with the anti-fungal compound amphotericin B.

Compared to untreated mice, mice with alcohol-related liver disease that received amphotericin B had lower levels of liver injury and fat accumulation. These outcomes were determined by measuring plasma levels of a liver enzyme called alanine aminotransferase (reduced by approximately 55 percent) and levels of liver triglycerides (reduced by approximately 21 percent).

In this study, the mice received a type of oral amphotericin B that is not absorbed into the bloodstream.However, oral amphotericin B is not FDA-approved for human use.Intravenous amphotericin B is FDA approved for the treatment of serious fungal infections and it can cause side effects such as stomach, bone, muscle or joint pain and shortness of breath.

The team also compared fungi in the stool of eight healthy people and 20 people with chronic alcohol abuse and various stages of liver disease.They found that the healthy people had a richer diversity of fungi living in their intestines, as compared to alcohol-dependent patients.

In addition, the team also found a correlation between fungi and disease severity in a separate group of 27 patients with alcohol-related liver disease.After five years, 77 percent of the low-fungi group survived, compared to 36 percent of the high-fungi group.

Since it was so effective in mice, the researchers are interested in testing amphotericin B in patients with alcohol-related liver disease, Schnabl noted.The study is published in the journal of Clinical Investigation.

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