New Blood Test Can Detect Cancer in the Body in Just 10 Minutes

Wonderful health news is on the horizon in the world of cancer diagnosis. Researchers have developed a test that can detect the presence of cancer in the DNA within 10 minutes.

Scientists have homed in one what is being called a “universal cancer biomarker” that is easily identifiable with an inexpensive, portable test that could someday be accessed with a mobile phone.

The simple blood test focuses on finding cancerous cells in the DNA after they have died off and begun circulating in the bloodstream. It’s been discovered that these particular cells have a unique structure that differs from normal, healthy cells, which is marked by clusters of methyl groups.

What researchers have found is that those clusters – exclusive to cancer cells – cling easily to gold. Therefore, the test utilizes nanoparticles of gold for detection. One drop is all it takes and if cancer is present, the nanoparticles change color.

No microscope is needed. So far, 200 samples have been tested for human cancer types and healthy cells. The test has had a 90% accuracy rate, giving researchers hope that this will lead to early detection and as a result, earlier treatment.

The majority of cancer deaths are due to late stage detection. With this new technology, who knows how many lives can be saved.


This test costs less than typical biopsies used to diagnose cancer and although it’s not yet available to the medical community, it can be a real game-changer.

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Path breaking test that detects all cancers in minutes

Scientists have developed a quick test that can detect all types of cancer from blood or biopsy tissues within minutes. The test, developed by researchers who have discovered a unique DNA nanostructure that appears to be common to all cancers.

Cancer is an extremely complicated and variable disease and different types of cancer have different signatures. It had been difficult to find a simple signature that was distinct from healthy cells and common to all cancers.

"This unique nano-scaled DNA signature appeared in every type of breast cancer we examined, and in other forms of cancer including prostate, colorectal and lymphoma," said a researcher.

"The levels and patterns of tiny molecules called methyl groups that decorate DNA are altered dramatically by cancer -- these methyl groups are key for cells to control which genes are turned on and off," he said.

Researchers developed a tool that could look at these pattern changes at the whole genome level within minutes.

"In healthy cells, these methyl groups are spread out across the genome, but the genomes of cancer cells are essentially barren except for intense clusters of methyl groups at very specific locations," said a scientist.

The team discovered that intense clusters of methyl groups placed in a solution caused cancer DNA fragments to fold into unique three-dimensional nanostructures that could easily be separated by sticking to solid surfaces such as gold.

"We designed a simple test using gold nanoparticles that instantly change colour to determine if the 3D nanostructures of cancer DNA are present," said a scientist.

He said cancer cells released their DNA into blood plasma when they died.

"So we were very excited about an easy way of catching these circulating free cancer DNA signatures in blood," he said.

Discovering that cancerous DNA molecules formed entirely different 3D nanostructures from normal circulating DNA was a breakthrough that has enabled an entirely new approach to detect cancer non-invasively in any tissue type including blood.
 
"This led to the creation of inexpensive and portable detection devices that could eventually be used as a diagnostic tool, possibly with a mobile phone," he said.

The new technology has proved to be up to 90 per cent accurate in tests involving 200 human cancer samples and normal DNA.

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Scientists discover a drug that could target acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterised by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that build up in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.

AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its incidence increases with age. Mainstream AML treatments have remained unchanged for decades and fewer than one in three people survive the cancer.

But, now a study has found an unexpected new  drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that could open new avenues to develop effective treatments against this potentially lethal disease. The scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to screen cancer cells for vulnerable points.
They created mouse leukemia cells with mutations in the genes that may be targetted in human AML cells and systematically tested each gene, finding which were essential for AML survival.

The researchers ended up with 46 likely candidate genes, many of which produce proteins that could modify RNA. Amongst these, METTL3 was one of the genes with the strongest effect. They found that whilst it was essential for the survival of AML cells, it was not required for healthy blood cells, making it a good potential drug target.

Talking about the research, a  Professor said, "New treatments for AML are desperately needed and we have been looking for genes that would be good drug targets. We identified the methyl transferase enzyme METTL3 as a highly viable target against AML. Our study will inspire pharmaceutical efforts to find drugs that specifically inhibit METTL3 to treat AML."

For proteins to be produced in a cell, the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which is then translated into the proteins that the cell needs. However, modifications to the RNA can control if a protein is produced.

This is a recently-discovered type of gene regulation called RNA editing. Having found a potential target in METTL3, the researchers investigated how it worked. They discovered that the protein produced by METTL3 bound to the beginning of 126 different genes, including several required for AML cell survival.

Then, as RNAs were produced, the METTL3 protein added methyl groups to their middle section, something which had not been previously observed.

The scientists found that these middle methyl groups increased the ability of the RNAs to be translated into proteins. They then showed that when METTL3 was inhibited, no methyl groups were added to the RNA. This prevented the production of their essential proteins so the AML cells started dying.

One of the first authors on the study noted, "This study uncovered an entirely new mechanism of gene regulation in AML that operates through modifications of RNA. We discovered that inhibiting the methyl transferase activity of METTL3 would stop the translation of a whole set of proteins that the leukemia needs. This mechanism shows that a drug to inhibit methylation could be effective against AML without affecting normal cells."

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