Chewing sugar-free gum may prevent dental cavity

To prevent your teeths from rotting, start chewing sugar-free gums, as researchers, including one of Indian-origin, have found some evidence that sugar-free gum could help reduce further development of dental caries (cavities) in adults and children. 

The recently published study revealed that chewing sugar-free gum not only reduce the advancement of dental caries, it could be used as a viable preventative agent, in comparison to non-chewing control methods such as oral health education and supervising tooth-brushing programmes alone.

"Both the stimulation of saliva which can act as a natural barrier to protect teeth, and the mechanical plaque control that results from the act of chewing, can contribute to the prevention of dental caries," said study lead author. 

Sugar-free gum can also act as a carrier for antibacterial ingredients including xylitol and sorbitol. "No recent conclusive evidence existed prior to this review that showed the relationship between slowing the development of caries and chewing sugar-free gum," he added.

The research included analysis of studies published over the last 50 years, identifying 12 which explored the impact and intervention outcome of chewing sugar-free gum on oral health conditions, and in particular, dental caries on adults and children. 

Sugar-free gum was found to reduce caries increment, giving it a preventative factor of 28 per cent. In recent years, chewing sugar-free gum has emerged as a possible supplement to existing prevention strategies in stopping the development of dental caries. 

"There is a considerable degree of variability in the effect from the published data and the trials included were generally of moderate quality", researchers said. "However, researchers felt there was a definite need to update and refresh existing knowledge about sugar-free gum and its effect on oral health. We are planning further research to determine the acceptability and feasibility of using this method.
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To prevent your teeths from rotting, start chewing sugar-free gums, as researchers, including one of Indian-origin, have found some evidence that sugar-free gum could help reduce further development of dental caries (cavities) in adults and children. The recently published study revealed that chewing sugar-free gum not only reduce the advancement of dental caries, it could be used as a viable preventative agent, in comparison to non-chewing control methods such as oral health education and supervising toothbrushing programmes alone

http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/chewing-sugar-free-gum-may-prevent-dental-cavity-386389

To prevent your teeths from rotting, start chewing sugar-free gums, as researchers, including one of Indian-origin, have found some evidence that sugar-free gum could help reduce further development of dental caries (cavities) in adults and children. The recently published study revealed that chewing sugar-free gum not only reduce the advancement of dental caries, it could be used as a viable preventative agent, in comparison to non-chewing control methods such as oral health education and supervising toothbrushing programmes alone

http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/chewing-sugar-free-gum-may-prevent-dental-cavity-386389

Previously unknown pain-sensing organ discovered in human body

Swedish researchers have discovered a new sensory organ in the skin that is sensitive to painful mechanical damage such as pricks and pressure.

The new pain-sensitive organ is organised together with pain-sensitive nerves in the skin, says researchers.

"Our study shows that sensitivity to pain does not occur only in the skin's nerve fibres, but also in this recently-discovered pain-sensitive organ," said a professor.

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"The discovery changes our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of physical sensation and it may be of significance in the understanding of chronic pain," the Prof. said. 

In experiments, the researchers also blocked the organ and saw a resultant decreased ability to feel mechanical pain.

Almost one person in every five experiences constant pain and there is a considerable need to find new painkilling drugs, according to research published. The discovery of the previously unknown pain-sensing organ could lead to the development of new painkilling drugs.

The team found that these Schwann cells—main "supporting cells" of the peripheral nervous system which wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons—are octopus-shaped. The body of the cells lies beneath the outer layer of the skin, and there are longer extensions around the edge of the nerve cells that are pain sensitive, extending  up into the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. Thus it collectively go to make up a mesh-like organ within the skin and remains sensitive to painful mechanical damage such as pricks and pressure.

Sensitivity to pain is required for survival and it has a protective function. It prompts reflex reactions that prevent damage to tissue, such as pulling your hand away when you feel a jab from a sharp object or when you burn yourself.

Activation of the organ results in electrical impulses in the nervous system that result in reflex reactions and an experience of pain, the researchers said.

Bionic pancreas a benefit to people with diabetes

Stanley Baker can’t remember feeling quite so free in a very long time.


Baker is one of 52 people ages 12 and older with Type 1 diabetes who for five days tested in real-world settings a “bionic pancreas,” designed to take over the job of providing insulin on a minute-by-minute basis when the body’s real organ fails.


“This totally relieves you of managing the diabetes,” said Baker, 76, of Ipswich, Massachusetts. “It was extremely liberating.”


The mechanical device worn outside the body was designed by Edward Damiano, a Boston University engineer who has worked on the technology ever since his 15-year-son was diagnosed with diabetes as an infant. It kept patients at near normal levels in two trials and prevented dangerous blood sugar drops better than standard therapy, according to a report Sunday at the American Diabetes Association meeting in San Francisco.


It is among the first tests of such a system outside of a tightly controlled setting, according to Damiano, who said the investigators are starting a new, larger trial in four cities Monday and plan to have an improved version of the device on the U.S. market by the end of 2017.


The bionic pancreas is composed of five parts connected externally to one another and the body. It includes two pumps attached to the abdomen to deliver hormones, a glucose monitor with a wire that runs just under the skin and a computer program that calculates proper doses in a closed-loop system.

Adults using the device, which checks their blood every five minutes, roamed Boston unfettered, eating and exercising normally, ignoring the condition that typically weighs on their daily activities. Adolescents younger than 20 given the technology were attending a diabetes summer camp. Both groups were closely monitored 24 hours a day.


“There’s no current standard-of-care therapy that could match the results we saw,” said Damiano. The results were simultaneously published in the New England Journal of Medicine.


About 3 million Americans have Type 1 diabetes, in which the pancreas stops secreting the hormone insulin used to convert food into energy. Patients typically test their blood several times a day to measure glucose levels, then calculate the amount of insulin they need to inject based on their diet and exercise. High blood sugar can lead to organ damage and death, while too little can trigger unconsciousness or a coma.


The device isn’t being tested on people with the more common Type 2 diabetes, which typically develops in adults and is linked to a sedentary lifestyle. People with Type 2 produce insulin, though their bodies don’t use it properly.


The researchers used commercially available equipment, including a glucose monitor from Dexcom and two pumps. They crafted their own computer algorithm and ran it on an iPhone 4 to wirelessly connect the component parts and calculate how much of each hormone the patient needed.


“It’s constantly adapting to the patient’s ever-changing insulin needs,” said Damiano, who built the device with a colleague.


Other companies, including Medtronic and Johnson & Johnson, are working on similar products.

The bionic pancreas tested by the Boston researchers goes further, by constantly measuring blood-sugar levels and predicting the amount of insulin needed.


It is unique because it also administers glucagon, another hormone that causes the liver to release glucose.

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How breast cancer spreads

Researchers have suggested that a protein only recently linked to cancer has a significant effect on the risk that breast cancer will spread, and that lowering the protein's level in cell cultures and mice reduces chances for the disease to extend beyond the initial tumor.

The study showed that mice implanted with breast cancer cells lacking the protein developed small, self-contained tumors consisting of cells that didn't leave the tumor. In contrast, mice implanted with cancer cells containing the protein developed larger, irregular masses and showed signs that cancer cells had invaded the surrounding tissue.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells - including their shape and ability to invade - so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

Myoferlin's influence on both molecular and mechanical processes in breast cancer cells suggests that diagnostic methods and perhaps even treatments eventually might be tailored to patients based on protein levels and mechanical properties in cells detected in tumors, researchers say.

Douglas Kniss , professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center and senior author of the study and his team used subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer cells for the study - one of the most lethal forms of breast cancer because of its likelihood to spread.

The study has been published in the journal PLOS ONE. 

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