Identical twins with autism may not experience similar symptoms

If one twin has autism, there is a 96 per cent chance that the other has it too, say researchers. ASD is a developmental disorder that affects how a person behaves, interacts with others and learns.

 According to an analysis, identical twins with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience large differences in symptom severity even though they share the same DNA.

The findings suggest that identifying the causes of this variability may inform the treatment of ASD-related symptoms. The study was conducted by John Constantino, M.D., of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and colleagues. The study was published in the journal Behaviour Genetics.

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ASD is a developmental disorder that affects how a person behaves, interacts with others and learns. Previous studies have found that when one identical twin has ASD, chances are extremely likely that the other twin has it, too.

The authors analyzed data from three previous studies comprising a total of 366 identical twin pairs  with and without ASD. The severity of autism traits and symptoms in the twins was measured by a clinician’s assessment or by parents’ ratings on a standardized questionnaire.

Some cases were diagnosed by both methods. The researchers determined a 96 per cent chance that if one twin has ASD, the other has it, too. However, symptom scores varied greatly between twins diagnosed with ASD. The researchers estimated that genetic factors contributed to only 9 per cent of the cause of trait variation among these twins. In contrast, among pairs of identical twins without ASD, the scores for traits were very similar.

The study authors do not know the reasons for differences in symptom severity, but they rule out genetic and most environmental causes because the twins share the same DNA and were raised in the same environment. Additional studies are needed to determine the cause.

Your posture impacts how you perceive your food

If you want to savour your food, standing and eating is a bad option.

According to recent findings, standing while eating can mute taste buds, impacting the taste evaluation, temperature perception, and overall consumption volume of the food that you're eating, recent findings suggest.

As part of a recent study, researchers found out that posture impacts taste perception. They also noticed that food tastes better when you're sitting down.

A team of researchers looked specifically at how the vestibular sense, which is responsible for balance, posture and spatial orientation, interacts with the gustatory sensory system, which impacts taste and flavour.

The researchers found that holding a standing posture for even a few minutes prompts physical stress, muting taste buds.

The force of gravity pushes blood to the lower parts of the body, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood back up to the top of the body, accelerating heart rate. This activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and leads to increased concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol.
The chain reaction reduces sensory sensitivity, which impacts food and beverage taste evaluation, food temperature perception and overall consumption volume.

When people experience discomfort, foods that normally taste good do not appear as pleasant to the palate. He confirmed his hypothesis by having 350 participants rate the tastiness of a pita chip. Those who were standing gave it a less favourable rating than those who were sitting in a padded chair.

Researchers then provided participants with classic-bite-sized brownies baked at a local restaurant that was tested and widely considered pleasant tasting. Those who were sitting down rated them to be most delicious.

However, when the baker altered the recipe and made the taste unpleasant by adding an extra 1/4 cup of salt, the results were the opposite. Participants standing up didn't notice the brownies tasting saltier to that extent and actually rated them to have a relatively more favourable taste perception than those who sampled them while sitting down.

According to the researchers, these findings suggest that parents might be able to make unpleasant-tasting, healthy foods seem more palatable to reluctant children by having them eat standing up ( vs. sitting down). In a similar vein, it might be beneficial to maintain a standing posture when consuming pharmaceutical products that have unpleasant tastes.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/                                                                                                                                                FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                  https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/                                                              FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com

Novel fabric adapts to keeps you comfortable in all weathers

Scientists have created a fabric that can automatically regulate the amount of heat that passes through it, helping a person stay cool or warm depending on the weather conditions.

When conditions are warm and moist, such as those near a sweating body, the fabric allows heat to pass through. When conditions become cooler and drier, the fabric reduces the heat that escapes, researchers said. 

The researchers  created the fabric from specially engineered yarn coated with a  conductive metal.

This is first textile shown to be able to regulate heat exchange with the environment, according to the study published.

Under hot, humid conditions, the strands of yarn compact and activate the coating, which changes the way the fabric interacts with infrared radiation.

They refer to the action as "gating" of infrared radiation, which acts as a tunable blind to transmit or block heat.

"This is the first technology that allows us to dynamically gate infrared radiation," said a researcher.

The base yarn for this new textile is created with fibres made of two different synthetic materials -- one absorbs water and the other repels it.

The strands are coated with carbon nanotubes, a special class of lightweight, carbon-based, conductive metal. Since materials in the fibres both resist and absorb water, the fibres warp when exposed to humidity such as that surrounding a sweating body.

That distortion brings the strands of yarn closer together, which opens the pores in the fabric. This has a small cooling effect because it allows heat to escape.

It also modifies the electromagnetic coupling between the carbon nanotubes in the coating, researchers said.

"You can think of this coupling effect like the bending of a radio antenna to change the wavelength or frequency it resonates with," he said.

"It's a very simplified way to think of it, but imagine bringing two antennae close together to regulate the kind of electromagnetic wave they pick up," he said.

"When the fibres are brought closer together, the radiation they interact with changes. In clothing, that means the fabric interacts with the heat radiating from the human body," he added.

Depending on the tuning, the fabric either blocks infrared radiation or allows it to pass through. The reaction is almost instant, so before people realise they're getting hot, the garment could already be cooling them down.

On the flip side, as a body cools down, the dynamic gating mechanism works in reverse to trap in heat.

"The human body is a perfect radiator. It gives off heat quickly," said a Prof.


"For all of history, the only way to regulate the radiator has been to take clothes off or put clothes on. But this fabric is a true bidirectional regulator," he said.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/       

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Fish skin cheaper, less painful in treating burns than bandages

Using fish skin to heal burns can be cheaper and less painful than bandages, says a scientist. Using the skin of Tilapia -- a freshwater fish -- on burns could be effective since it is rich in moisture and collagen proteins, a neurologist was quoted as saying.

Tilapia skin contains a type of collagen that is similar to the protein found in human skin. This is thought to interact with a patient's immune system to speed up healing. 

More than 300 patients worldwide have had the unusual therapy, which shows up as a fishy pattern even after it has been sterilised and the scales removed.

Although many patients can be reluctant to have fish skin wrapped around their burns, a growing number of children are actually arriving at hospital requesting the "bandage", the report said.

"The major concerns were whether the skins would subsequently come off, if the fish odour would remain," the Dr. was quoted as saying.

"With the passage of time and the success of the research, patients will arrive at the hospital wanting the treatment with the skin of the Tilapia. 

"In relation to children, the skin ends up being kind of playful, like: 'Gaining a skin and looking like a superhero'," the Dr. said.

Once sterilised, Tilapia skin undergoes radiation therapy to kill any lingering viruses. It can then be stored for up to two years if refrigerated, before simply being cut to size and placed over a burn instead of a bandage.

The skin is then removed after around one week, with no need for daily dressing changes, the report noted. 

Tilapia skin has been shown to be more resistant than the previously used pig skin, which enables it to withstand stretching.

Wounds may also close faster, with patients reporting less pain when treated with fish skin over the traditional silver sulfadiazine, according to various research. 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                
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