Can plastic chemical affect ovarian function?

Eating canned foods during pregnancy can expose your baby to the industrial chemical bisphenol A (BPA), which can later affect their reproductive health, warns a study. Detectable in surface water and soil sediments, BPA is used in many industrial processes (epoxy resins, polycarbonate plastic production) and in the lining of food cans. While the greatest exposure is dietary from canned foods and plastic containers, skin exposure is a secondary route of smaller exposure.

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To examine whether a prenatal environmental exposure can pose a real threat to human ovarian function, researchers examined existing literature from 2000 to June 2018.

"We found there is mounting evidence for the effects of these exposures in the prenatal period, a particularly vulnerable time of development," explained an Assistant Professor. 

"Whether there are causative associations with human ovulation disorders needs to be further studied."

BPA has been known to disrupt the endocrine system in fetuses and children (as well as adults), causing long-term health effects as well as in reproductive health outcomes. According to the researchers, ovarian development and function represent complex coordination of processes, starting early during prenatal development. Early aberrations have the potential to carry through the female reproductive lifespan.

The researchers believe their findings are particularly relevant since there are implications for both foetal and women's health. 

"Understanding the effect that BPA exposure has on ovarian outcomes may contribute to the treatment approach taken for diseases and disorders in which ovarian dysfunction is a manifestation such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure," the Asst. Prof. added.
The researchers hope their study raises awareness of the lasting effects that harmful prenatal exposures may have and that additional studies looking at the long-term effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in diverse populations will be undertaken.

Zika Vaccine Protects Mouse Fetuses Against Brain Infections and Malformations

In 2015 and 2016, the world was shocked by the sudden and massive outbreak of the Zika virus in Latin America. “The Zika virus is transmitted by the tiger mosquito and, in most cases, the patient experiences no or only mild symptoms,” says a Prof.

“But when a pregnant woman contracts the virus, this can affect the brain development of the foetus. It can lead to microcephaly – whereby the infant has a smaller-than-average head – but also mental and other severe health issues”

The outbreak of the virus in Latin America is currently under control. However, the virus remains present – in Latin America as well as in other areas with tiger mosquitoes – and there can be a new outbreak at any time. Therefore, scientists across the world are looking for an effective vaccine.

Based on the yellow fever vaccine
It now appears that scientists have developed such a vaccine. “To do so, we made use of the yellow fever vaccine. The yellow fever virus is closely related to the Zika virus and is transmitted by the same mosquito. The vaccine is very safe and offers lifelong protection.”

“We replaced a piece of the genetic information of the yellow fever vaccine with the corresponding code of the Zika virus. To engineer the vaccine, we used a new technology that we’d developed earlier in our lab and that makes it possible to produce the vaccine in fermenters instead of in fertilised chicken eggs. Another important advantage is that the vaccine remains stable, even at high temperatures. This makes a world of difference for a vaccine that is also intended for use in the most remote corners of tropical and subtropical areas.”

“Together with other scientists, we then explored whether the vaccine was effective in pregnant mice. The vaccine was administered to female mice and, when these mice were a few days pregnant, the Zika virus was injected into their placenta. The pups of vaccinated mothers developed normally and the virus also couldn't be found in their brains or other organs.”

This complete protection is remarkable, says a scientist. “We now intend to further develop the vaccine, which could then be used to quickly and effectively vaccinate the population in case of a new outbreak of the Zika virus. This should prevent a lot of suffering."
THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                 PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/                                                                                                                                                                             FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                               
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Zika virus can persist in eyes, spread through tears

Eyes may be a reservoir for Zika virus, say scientists, who found evidence of the virus in eyes and tears of infected mice, a discovery that raises the possibility that the infection may spread through tears.

Zika virus causes mild disease in most adults but can cause brain damage and death in fetuses.

About a third of all babies infected in uterus with Zika show eye disease such as inflammation of the optic nerve, retinal damage or blindness after birth.

In adults, Zika can cause conjunctivitis redness and itchiness of the eyes and, in rare cases, a condition known as uveitis that can lead to permanent vision loss.

"Our study suggests that the eye could be a reservoir for Zika virus," said Michael S Diamond, a professor at Washington University School of Medicine.

"We need to consider whether people with Zika have infectious virus in their eyes and how long it actually persists," Diamond said.

To determine what effect Zika infection has on the eye, the researchers infected adult mice under the skin and found live virus in the eyes seven days later. The observations confirm that Zika is able to travel to the eye.

It is not yet known whether the virus typically makes that trip by crossing the blood-retina barrier that separates the eye from the bloodstream, traveling along the optic nerve that connects the brain and the eye, or some other route.

Eye infection raises the possibility that people could acquire Zika infection through contact with tears from infected people.

The researchers found that the tears of infected mice contained Zika's RNA - the genetic material from the virus - but not infectious virus, when tested 28 days after infection.

"Even though we didn't find live virus in mouse tears, that doesn't mean that it couldn't be infectious in humans," said Jonathan J Miner, from Washington University.

"There could be a window of time when tears are highly infectious and people are coming in contact with it and able to spread it," said Miner.

The eye is an immune privileged site, meaning the immune system is less active there to avoid accidentally damaging sensitive tissues responsible for vision in the process of fighting infection.

Consequently, infections sometimes persist in the eye after they have been cleared from the rest of the body.

"We are planning studies in people to find out whether infectious virus persists in the cornea or other compartments of the eye, because that would have implications for corneal transplantation," said Rajendra S Apte, professor at Washington University.

Even if human tears do not turn out to be infectious, the researchers' detection of live virus in the eye and viral RNA in tears still has practical benefits.

Human tears potentially could be tested for viral RNA or antibodies, a less painful way to diagnose recent Zika infection than drawing blood.

The research appears in the journal Cell Reports.

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Eyes may be a reservoir for Zika virus, say scientists, including one of Indian origin, who found evidence of the virus in eyes and tears of infected mice, a discovery that raises the possibility that the infection may spread through tears.
Zika virus causes mild disease in most adults but can cause brain damage and death in foetuses.
About a third of all babies infected in uterus with Zika show eye disease such as inflammation of the optic nerve, retinal damage or blindness a ..

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/54045428.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Eyes may be a reservoir for Zika virus, say scientists, including one of Indian origin, who found evidence of the virus in eyes and tears of infected mice, a discovery that raises the possibility that the infection may spread through tears.
Zika virus causes mild disease in most adults but can cause brain damage and death in foetuses.
About a third of all babies infected in uterus with Zika show eye disease such as inflammation of the optic nerve, retinal damage or blindness  ..

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/54045428.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst