Simple urine test can tell how much our body has aged

Scientists have identified a promising new marker of ageing in urine that may help predict the risk of developing age-related diseases and even death. Researchers found that a substance indicating oxidative damage increases in urine as people get older. The study, also describes a way to easily measure the levels of this marker in human urine samples. The new marker potentially provides a method to measure how much our body has aged - our biological rather than chronological age, researchers said. This could help predict our risk of developing age-related disease, and even the likely time-frame for our death, they said. While everyone born in the same year has the same chronological age, the bodies of different people age at different rates. This means that, although the risk of many diseases increases with age, the link between our age in years and our health and lifespan is relatively loose. Many people enjoy long lives, relatively free of disease, while others suffer chronic illness and premature death. Some researchers consider normal ageing to be a disease, where our cells accumulate damage over time.The rate of this cellular damage can vary from person to person, and may be dictated by genetics, lifestyle and the environment we live in. This cellular damage may be a more accurate indication of our biological age than the number of years since we were born. We need to be able to measure biological age to know whether treatments to slow ageing - which may be possible in the future - are effective, researchers said. One mechanism thought to underlie biological ageing involves a molecule vital to our survival - oxygen - in what is called the free radical theory of ageing. "Oxygen by-products produced during normal metabolism can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules in cells, such as DNA and RNA," said a Dr. "As we age, we suffer increasing oxidative damage, and so the levels of oxidative markers increase in our body," the Dr. said. One such marker called 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine or 8-oxoGsn results from oxidation of a crucial molecule in our cells called RNA. The researchers measured 8-oxoGsn in urine samples from 1,228 Chinese residents aged 2-90 years old, using a rapid analysis technique called ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. "We found an age-dependent increase in urinary 8-oxoGsn in participants 21 years old and older," said the Dr. "Therefore, urinary 8-oxoGsn is promising as a new marker of ageing," he said. Interestingly, levels of 8-oxoGsn were roughly the same between men and women, except in post-menopausal women, who showed higher levels. This may have been caused by the decrease in oestrogen levels that happens during menopause, as oestrogen is known to have anti-oxidant effects. 

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Postmenopausal hormone therapy may increase hearing loss risk

Far from reducing the risk of hearing loss, hormone therapy after menopause may actually aggravate the problem, and the risk tends to increase with longer duration of use, suggests new research.

The results challenge findings of previous studies that suggested that menopause may increase the risk of hearing loss, presumably due to the reduction in circulating estrogen levels, and that postmenopausal hormone therapy might slow hearing decline by ‘replacing’ estrogen.
 
“Although the role of sex hormones in hearing is complex and incompletely understood, these findings suggest that women who undergo natural menopause at an older age may have a higher risk,” said lead author of the study Sharon Curhan from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, US.

“In addition, longer duration of postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with higher risk. 

These findings suggest that hearing health may be a consideration for women when evaluating the risks and benefits of hormone therapy,” Curhan said.

To investigate the role of menopause and postmenopausal hormone therapy as risk factors for hearing loss, the researchers prospectively examined the independent links between menopausal status, oral hormone therapy, and risk of self-reported hearing loss in 80,972 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II followed from 1991-2013.

During the study period, 23 per cent of the participants developed hearing loss.

The findings published online in Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society showed no significant overall association between menopausal status and risk of hearing loss, although higher risk was associated with older age at natural menopause.

The researchers also found that use of postmenopausal hormone therapy was linked to increased risk of hearing loss.

The risk tended to go up with longer duration of use, the study said.

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