Researchers Decode What Gut Bacteria Have to Do With Weight Gain

A team of US researchers have found a molecule that helps synchronize the absorption of nutrients in the gut with the rhythms of the Earth's day-night light cycle -- a discovery that has far-ranging implications for obesity in affluent countries and malnutrition in impoverished countries.

Researchers found that the good bacteria that live in the guts of mammals programme the metabolic rhythms that govern the body's absorption of dietary fat.

The team also found that microbes programme these so-called circadian rhythms by activating a protein named "histone deacetylase 3" (HDAC3), which is made by cells that line the gut.

Those cells act as intermediaries between bacteria that aid in digestion of food and proteins that enable absorption of nutrients. The microbiome actually communicates with our metabolic machinery to make fat absorption more efficient.

"But when fat is overabundant, this communication can result in obesity. Whether the same thing is going on in other mammals, including humans, is the subject of future studies," said lead author.

The study, done in mice, revealed that HDAC3 turns on genes involved in the absorption of fat.
They found that HDAC3 interacts with the biological clock machinery within the gut to refine the rhythmic ebb and flow of proteins that enhance absorption of fat.

This regulation occurs in the daytime in humans, who eat during the day, and at night in mice, which eat at night.

"Our results suggest that the microbiome and the circadian clock have evolved to work together to regulate metabolism," said the researcher.

Disrupting the interactions between the microbiota and the body's clock could make us more likely to become obese.

"These disruptions happen frequently in modern life when we take antibiotics, work overnight shifts, or travel internationally. But we think that our findings might eventually lead to new treatments for obesity - and possibly malnutrition - by altering the bacteria in our guts," the researchers mentioned. 

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement    

The Many Dangers and Pitfalls Of Home Ancestry DNA Tests

Isn’t it tempting to be able to build your genealogical tree and learn about your health and dietary needs by simply spitting in a test tube? Little to no effort needed, you don’t even have to leave your home. Various private genealogical DNA companies have been offering and advertising these exact exciting services, at relatively low prices, too.

But are they safe? Are they even effective? Growing controversy and concerns are raised regarding these companies, with more and more people deeming them imprecise, vastly under regulated, and capable of exposing your identity to third parties.

So, are these tests worth it or are they a scam? Decide for yourself after reading about the shortcomings and dangers of at-home ancestry testing.

What Information Can Ancestry Tests Provide To You, and What Can't They?

Nowadays, genealogical DNA tests come in various forms, with some promising to decode your ancestry and others being able to build a custom diet plan or even tell you what medications to take. And while the promises of these companies are grand and exciting, they nearly never manage to live up to them.

Here are the things that no private company can do in a legitimate way, no matter how convincing they may sound:

1. Prescribe or adjust medications

Recently, the FDA issued a warning letter to  a company that claimed they can predict a person’s response to a specific medication through genetic testing without proving to be effective.

When prescribing this or that medication, a doctor is guided by several factors, among which are blood and other test results, age, other or previous health conditions, and even things like your activity level or diet. Though genetic makeup can be one of the many considerations in choosing a therapeutic strategy, it alone cannot possibly paint the complete picture.
2. Give dietary advice
There is at least one company offering clients a custom supplement subscription and a diet and exercise plan based on your DNA to target different concerns, such as skin health and weight loss. In a 2018 study, these seemingly custom dietary plans were proven to be ineffective and unable to yield any weight loss benefits during a year-long trial. Like the case with medications, a fitness plan needs to tailored by taking into account many factors. 

3. Tell you how susceptible you are to a certain illness
Many companies notify their clients that they are more likely to develop a specific condition because they have a certain gene in their DNA. In reality, though, genetics is more complicated than that, and not all people who have genes associated with an illness will ever develop that illness, or vice versa, some people who don’t have that gene will develop the same illness. This makes the predictive capacity of such tests extremely low.

What about ancestral predictions?

If a genetic company cannot improve your health and well-being, can it at least tell you where your ancestors are from? Well, kind of. Apart from the anecdotal stories about twins or even the same person getting different results not only across, but within the same company, the very claims of specific companies cast a shadow on their own reputations.

To illustrate these inconsistencies, let’s consider the story of Sigrid Johnson, whose ethnicity and origins were vastly misattributed across the 4 genetic ancestry platforms she tried. And while most of the tests she took agreed that Sigrid was part African and part South European, the percentages of these ancestries varied greatly, and one company, left over 30% of her genes unassigned.

Not only did one of these tests miss her African ancestry altogether, her results changed with time, with platforms such as Ancestry DNA and changing their mind about whether or not Sigrid had any ancestors from the Caucasus and if her Italian ancestry percentage was 0 or 50%.

Like Sigrid, many people find that their ancestry test results are not only inconsistent across platforms, but also change as the company updates their database, which means that you could be labeled as 50% East Asian today and 0% percent tomorrow.

Also, keep in mind that some of the companies use so-called confidence levels, which are ranges of the company’s certainty about your ancestry. In Sigrid’s case, for example, the company Ancestry DNA was 0-58% percent certain that she was African, which, needless to say, doesn’t exclude the possibility that she has no African descent at all. I am 0-58% percent certain that this kind of business strategy isn't deceitful to the customer.

What Information Can Ancestry Companies Keep or Share With Third Parties?

Now, it’s up for you to decide if you want to spend your hard-earned cash to view your approximate ancestry map, but what is really alarming is the quantity of your personal genetic information the genetic company can use. Genetic companies are private, so they don’t usually hand over their data to governmental agencies and other companies, plus they also have some minimal encryption system that protects confidentiality, but it is usually easy to trace back the client.

There were a few reported cases, however, that a genetic test company handed over the data about one of its clients to aid a criminal investigation. The first cases was published when the so-called Golden State Killer, was arrested. His identity was revealed by comparing the DNA from the crime scene not to his own, but to his cousin’s DNA, who happened to take a home ancestry test.

Whether or not you agree that the genetic company did the right thing, it remains a fact that they can use their DNA database to identify people. This means that you’re handing over your personal and unique biological data to a company that could use it for anything, much like you’re sharing your location when you’re using a navigator on your phone.

In fact, when you take the test, you give permission to the company to use and share your DNA, which is unique and is your property. As you can probably see, this is problematic both legally and morally, but the genetic ancestry industry is practically unregulated, so this is just how it is at the moment.

Are you ready to give the genetic company permission to use and resell information about your DNA in return to a cheap and largely imprecise ancestry estimate? It’s up to you.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/    

                                                                                                                                                     FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                  https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/  

         

                   FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com  

Brain implants help the paralysed turn thoughts into text

Researchers have devised a way that could have a major impact on the lives of people who are paralysed neck down. A new electrode array system called BrainGate2 allows those with neurologic disease or injuries communicate through unmodified computer tablets.

The system uses an array of micro-electrodes which are implanted into the brain which decode the neural signals associated with the intention to move a limb, it was reported.

Three people paralysed from the neck down have been able to use the unmodified tablets to text friends, browse the internet and stream music with BrainGate2. The system identifies the intentions of the person to move a virtual mouse that is wirelessly paired to the tablet.

While brain-computer interface technology has existed for a few years now, BrainGate2 allows users to navigate a completely original device, which is unmodified and has no special features, making regular off-the-shelf devices of use to the paralysed people. 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/                                                                                                                                                                             FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                                                             https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/                                                                                       FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com