Weight-loss surgery may counter genetic risk for developing breast cancer

In a recent study it has been found that women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer were 2.5 times more likely to develop a malignancy than women with the same genetic risk who underwent bariatric or weight-loss surgery.

Incidence of breast cancer in women with severe obesity or a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher was found to be 18% while incidence for closely matched patients who had weight-loss surgery was 7.4%. The study also found that weight-loss surgery cut the overall risk of developing cancer linked to obesity by 20 %.

To understand the study well, researchers reviewed the data of 1,670,035 patients with a BMI of 35 or greater collected between 2010 and 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient healthcare database. The incidence of cancer was compared between more than 1.4 million patients who did not undergo bariatric surgery ( control group) and nearly 250,000 patients who did.

Study co-author said, our findings suggest bariatric surgery could significantly prevent the development of cancer in patients with a higher risk than the average population, even in those genetically predisposed.

The effect we saw on patients genetically predisposed to develop breast cancer was remarkable and wee believe this is the first time a study has shown such an impact. Further studies are needed to determine the factors, including weight loss, that may have led to such risk reduction, he added.

According to the American Cancer Society, having more fat tissue can increase the chances of getting breast cancer by raising estrogen levels. Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of 13 types of cancer, which accounted for about 40 % of all cancer diagnosed in the US in 2014, according the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).


The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) called obesity a major unrecognised risk factor for cancer that has also been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with cancer.

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This 4-in-1 pill can prevent heart problems

A cheap daily pill that combines four drugs cut the risk of heart attacks, strokes and heart failure in a large study, suggesting it could be a good way to help prevent heart problems especially in poor countries.

The pills contained two blood pressure drugs, a cholesterol medicine and aspirin. Many people can’t afford or don’t stick with taking so many medicines separately, so doctors think a polypill might help. A previous study testing one in India found it lowered cholesterol and blood pressure. The new study is much larger and gives stronger evidence because it tracked heart attacks, strokes and other problems — not just risk factors.

It involved about 6,800 people in Iran, ages 50-75, some with previous heart problems and others without them. All got advice on healthy lifestyles and half also were given polypills. After five years, 6% of those in the pill group had suffered a heart attack, stroke or heart failure versus 9% of the others. That worked out to a 34% lower risk with the polypill, and a 22% lower risk after researchers took into account other heart drugs that participants were taking.

People who took the polypill most faithfully, at least 70% of the time, had even bigger reductions in heart risks.

The benefit mostly seemed to come from lowering cholesterol; blood pressure didn’t significantly change. Side effects were similar in both groups. Some who developed a cough while on the polypill were switched to another version that substituted one of the four drugs. All of the drugs are cheap generic medicines now.

“This is an important step in the right direction,” said a Dr., who leads another polypill study expected to finish next summer. “This could be used in every sensible country where we want to save lives.”

One study leader, said the results show the polypill is a “viable strategy” to prevent heart disease in developing countries.

“It’s much simpler to give people one medication that manages a couple of risk factors at the same time,” he said.

Marshall said, however, that the benefits would be minimal for people who already have access to good health care.

“But if you’re in a system where people don’t have great access, then this is a significant advantage,” he said.

A cardiologist who had no role in the study, said he expected that polypills would start to be used more widely in the next few years if they’re shown to work in other groups besides the people of central Asian ancestry tested in the Lancet study.

“The biology is different in different populations, so before we apply it to all of India or all of North Africa, we need to know these polypills are actually safe in these populations,” he said.

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Stroke survivors can eat their way to better memory

Consuming leafy greens, vegetables, nuts, berries and wine may substantially slow down the cognitive decline in stroke survivors, reveals a recent study.

The findings are significant because stroke survivors are twice as likely to develop dementia compared to the general population.

The diet, known as the MIND, is a hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets that emphasizes on 10 brain-healthy foods - leafy greens, vegetables, nuts, berries, beans, whole grains, fish, poultry, olive oil, and wine.

 Lead author  said, "The foods that promote brain health, including vegetables, berries, fish and olive oil, are included in the MIND diet".

The findings indicated that it has the potential to help slow down the cognitive decline in stroke survivors.

Study co-author and the team developed the MIND diet based on information from years of research about what foods and nutrients have good and bad, effects on the functioning of the brain.

The diet has been associated with reduced Alzheimer's disease risk in seniors who adhered to its recommendations. Even people who moderately adhered had reduced risk of the dementia and cognitive decline.

From 2004 to 2017, the team analysed 106 participants who had a history of stroke for cognitive decline, including a decline in one's ability to think, reason and remember.

They grouped the participants into those who were highly adherent to the MIND diet, moderately adherent and least adherent.

They assessed the participants every year until their deaths or the study's conclusion, for an average of 5.9 years and monitored patients' eating habits using food journals.

The results indicated that the participants whose diets scored highest on the MIND diet score had a substantially slower rate of cognitive decline than those who scored lowest.

The right foods may protect stroke survivors' cognition.

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Consuming eggs during pregnancy may cut risk of food allergies in babies

What may come as a sigh of relief for the new moms is that they don’t need to say no to eggs anymore, thinking about the allergy threats to their little ones. Rather, eating eggs, peanuts and shellfish during pregnancy may help in protecting the new born from food allergy symptoms, says a recent study. Researchers have shown that pregnant mice, exposed to egg, transferred protective antibodies to their offsprings through their breast milk.

This research in mice reinforces recent guidance that women should not avoid allergenic foods while they are pregnant or breastfeeding. The research indicated that a mother’s diet can protect nursing newborns against food allergies. Researcher said that this elegantly designed and controlled study shows that mothers should feel free to eat a healthy and diverse diet throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding. “Eating a range of nutritious foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding will not promote food allergies in developing babies, and may protect them from food allergy,” he added. 

The study’s findings are consistent with new dietary recommendations for pregnant and nursing mothers. Allergists now recommend that, unless mothers already have diagnosed food allergies, they should not avoid allergenic foods while pregnant and nursing. At the same time, Baker noted that maternal and early childhood diets do not cause food allergies in children. Aided by a protein in the offspring’s gut lining and some immune cells, the food protein-antibody complexes are taken up and introduced to the offspring’s developing immune system, triggering the production of protective cells that suppress allergic reactions to the food. Don’t eat soft or poached eggs, opt for hard boiled eggs during pregnancy

These protective cells persist after antibodies from the mother are gone, promoting long-term tolerance to the food. A similar mechanism may offer protection to human infants. 

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DO DAILY CHORES TO STAY HEALTHY

Forget renewing your gym membership or joining Zumba Or Salsa dance classes. Washing clothes, moping the floor or weeding your garden for 30 minutes a day can cut the risk of death by more than a quarter and bring down the risk of heart diseases by 20%, scientists said in a study.

A study involving more than 130,000 people from 17 countries,  scientists demonstrated any activity is good for people to meet the current guideline of 150 minutes a week, to raise the heart rate. The study was published in a medical journal. This is the second time in the last two months the study is turning conventional beliefs on their head. Contrary to popular belief, the study concluded that not only is consumption of many fats good and carbohydrates bad, but that a balanced diet with just three to four servings, not the currently recommended six to eight servings of fruit, vegetables and legumes can lower risk of death due to cardiovascular diseases.

Now, scientists determined similar effects that in low income countries, where people were involved in non-recreational activities such as walking to work or doing household chores for the same amount of time will be able to cut down risks equally. 

The study showed that by exercising for at least half-an-hour-a day the risk of death from any cause is reduced by 28%, while the risk of heart disease is reduced by 20%, regardless of the type of physical activity. The benefits increased with increase in physical activity .For instance, people getting more than 750 minutes of brisk walking per week had an even lesser risk of death. The study's principal investigator said one in four people worldwide do not meet the current guideline.

The study showed very few participants achieved this level of physical activity from leisure activity, nearly two out of five did from everyday activities such as commuting, being active at work or doing household chores. "Going to the gym is great, but we only have so much time we can spend there. If we can walk to work, or at lunch time, that will help too, "said a Dr. 

"Physical activity represents a low-cost approach that can be done throughout the world, with potential for a large impact. More than one in 12 deaths could be prevented if everyone is active for at least 150 minutes per week over five years, "he said.


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