How Exercise Helps You Lose Weight

I'm sure that many of us are very eager to shed weight and make so many New Year resolutions each year. But, really wish that we can follow at least some of those resolutions. Now researchers have shown that how exercise produces the desired effect.

A signalling molecule called interleukin-6 plays a critical role in this process, according to the study.

A 12-week intervention consisting of bicycle exercise decreased visceral abdominal fat in obese adults, said researchers.

This effect was abolished in participants who were also treated with tocilizumab, a drug that blocks interleukin-6 signalling and is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Moreover, tocilizumab treatment increased cholesterol levels regardless of physical activity.

According to a researcher,The take home for the general audience is ‘do exercise’. We all know that exercise promotes better health, and now we also know that regular exercise training reduces abdominal fat mass and thereby potentially also the risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases.

Abdominal fat is associated with an increased risk of not only cardio-metabolic disease, but also cancer, dementia, and all-cause mortality, researchers said.

Physical activity reduces visceral fat tissue, which surrounds internal organs in the abdominal cavity, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clear, they said.

Some researchers have proposed that a “fight-or-flight” hormone called epinephrine mediates this effect.

However, researchers suspected that interleukin-6 could also play an important role because it regulates energy metabolism, stimulates the breakdown of fats in healthy people, and is released from skeletal muscle during exercise.

The researchers carried out a 12-week, single-centre trial in which they randomly assigned abdominally obese adults to four groups.

A total of 53 participants received intravenous infusions of either tocilizumab or saline as a placebo every four weeks, combined with no exercise or a bicycle routine consisting of several 45-minute sessions each week.

The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to assess visceral fat tissue mass at the beginning and end of the study. In the placebo groups, exercise reduced visceral fat tissue mass by an average of 225 gm, or 8 per cent, compared with no exercise.

However, tocilizumab treatment eliminated this effect.In the exercise groups, tocilizumab also increased visceral fat tissue mass by about 278 gm compared with placebo.

In addition, tocilizumab increased total cholesterol and "bad" low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared with placebo, in both the exercise and no-exercise groups.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that interleukin-6 has a physiological role in regulating visceral fat mass in humans.

Interleukin-6 can have seemingly opposite effects on inflammation, depending on the context.

For example, chronic low-grade elevations of interleukin-6 are seen in patients with severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

“The signalling pathways in immune cells versus muscle cells differ substantially, resulting in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions, so interleukin-6 may act differently in healthy and diseased people,” he said.

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Gestational diabetes, high BP may up heart disease risk in women

Women who develop both gestational diabetes and high blood pressure during pregnancy could be at a higher risk of suffering from these cardio-metabolic diseases in later years that also raises the risk heart disease, a new study has warned.

The study,  noted that having been diagnosed with both the risks of diabetes and high blood pressure, at the same time, made a mother six times more likely to develop hypertension in the near future.
“Having either of the conditions increased a woman’s risk for diabetes in the future by 15 times. But if the woman had both of them it increased her risk of diabetes by 37 times,” said a researcher.

“Knowing this will allow physicians to identify mothers at risk and to work with them to make lifestyle changes in an effort to help reduce those risks,” said the lead author of the study.

The researchers looked at a sample of 40,000 women, in three cohorts: Those who developed neither blood pressure nor diabetes during pregnancy; those who developed one or the other; and those who were diagnosed with both.

The results found that even the fathers of the new born babies were also relatively affected by the chances of heart diseases and hypertension risks in their later lives.

“We found there were increased risks in the father as well. This shared risk is an important finding because it can help promote collaboration between partners to make lasting lifestyle changes in the household together,” adds the Dr. 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.   
 
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Alcohol may cause muscle loss in post-menopausal women

Post-menopausal women who indulge in heavy alcohol consumption may be at a higher risk of developing sarcopenia — the loss of muscle mass and strength — which may lead to cardio-metabolic diseases and disabilities, researchers say.

Sarcopenia is an age-related process that also affects balance, gait, and overall ability to perform tasks of daily living.

High-risk alcohol drinking — known to inhibit skeletal muscle protein synthesis — is also closely related to diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which are modifiable risk factors for sarcopenia.

The findings showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia is nearly four times higher in the high-risk alcohol-drinking group as compared to the low-risk group.

Further, the women in the high-risk group were also more likely to have worse blood pressure and total cholesterol levels.

“With this study suggesting that more muscle loss leads to sarcopenia and other studies suggesting that even one drink of alcohol may increase the risk of breast cancer, postmenopausal women should limit their alcohol intake,” said a Dr.

To prevent the loss of muscle mass and increase strength, pre-clinical studies suggest a possible benefit from estrogen therapy when combined with exercise.

However, the role of estrogen in muscle mass is not yet clear for postmenopausal women, the researchers said in the paper published in the journal “Menopause”.

For the  study, the team included 2,373 postmenopausal women (mean age 62.4 years).

Out of these 8.2 per cent met the criteria for developing
sarcopenia.

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