How Exercise Helps You Lose Weight

I'm sure that many of us are very eager to shed weight and make so many New Year resolutions each year. But, really wish that we can follow at least some of those resolutions. Now researchers have shown that how exercise produces the desired effect.

A signalling molecule called interleukin-6 plays a critical role in this process, according to the study.

A 12-week intervention consisting of bicycle exercise decreased visceral abdominal fat in obese adults, said researchers.

This effect was abolished in participants who were also treated with tocilizumab, a drug that blocks interleukin-6 signalling and is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Moreover, tocilizumab treatment increased cholesterol levels regardless of physical activity.

According to a researcher,The take home for the general audience is ‘do exercise’. We all know that exercise promotes better health, and now we also know that regular exercise training reduces abdominal fat mass and thereby potentially also the risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases.

Abdominal fat is associated with an increased risk of not only cardio-metabolic disease, but also cancer, dementia, and all-cause mortality, researchers said.

Physical activity reduces visceral fat tissue, which surrounds internal organs in the abdominal cavity, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clear, they said.

Some researchers have proposed that a “fight-or-flight” hormone called epinephrine mediates this effect.

However, researchers suspected that interleukin-6 could also play an important role because it regulates energy metabolism, stimulates the breakdown of fats in healthy people, and is released from skeletal muscle during exercise.

The researchers carried out a 12-week, single-centre trial in which they randomly assigned abdominally obese adults to four groups.

A total of 53 participants received intravenous infusions of either tocilizumab or saline as a placebo every four weeks, combined with no exercise or a bicycle routine consisting of several 45-minute sessions each week.

The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to assess visceral fat tissue mass at the beginning and end of the study. In the placebo groups, exercise reduced visceral fat tissue mass by an average of 225 gm, or 8 per cent, compared with no exercise.

However, tocilizumab treatment eliminated this effect.In the exercise groups, tocilizumab also increased visceral fat tissue mass by about 278 gm compared with placebo.

In addition, tocilizumab increased total cholesterol and "bad" low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared with placebo, in both the exercise and no-exercise groups.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that interleukin-6 has a physiological role in regulating visceral fat mass in humans.

Interleukin-6 can have seemingly opposite effects on inflammation, depending on the context.

For example, chronic low-grade elevations of interleukin-6 are seen in patients with severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

“The signalling pathways in immune cells versus muscle cells differ substantially, resulting in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions, so interleukin-6 may act differently in healthy and diseased people,” he said.

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