It is estimated that India could witness more than 1,00,000
cancer-related death in the next five years, as reported by Lancet
Study. However, as per WHO cancer mortality is significantly reduced
when cases are detected and treated early. Surprisingly, two-thirds of
the cancer cases are usually diagnosed when the disease reaches an
advanced stage, thereby reducing the chances of a patient’s survival.
Cancer prognosis can depend greatly on the stage of cancer, with
terminal cancer being one that cannot be cured or treated. Therefore, by
adopting prevention, early detection including early diagnosis, and
screening programs, patients have hugely increased the chances of
successful treatment and longevity.
Cancer diagnosis is the beginning of the journey to unlock your
chances of survival and eliminate the disease- critical to this is to
provide people with the knowledge, skills, and confidence – as well as
the opportunities – to close the healthcare gap and ensure universal
health access and coverage.
Understanding and recognizing the inequities in cancer care
Inequalities in health are probably one of the most convincing
measures which represent the vast inequalities of our society. Estimates
by Global Cancer Statistics summarize that cancer is a major cause of
death across the world, second only to cardiovascular diseases. Cancer
indicators and their incidence patterns are further proof. A closer look
at incidence rates through socio-economic, racial, and ethnic groups
reveals significant differences. Research conducted by Lancet says that a
number of patients from lower-income groups are diagnosed with the
late-stage disease for cancers that are potentially detectable at an
early stage through screening. But efforts are underway in the
scientific, medical, economic, and policy arenas such as implementation
of schemes like Ayushman Bharat, National Health Mission programme,
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes,
Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), Tertiary Care Cancer
Centers (TCCC) to further strengthen infrastructure, human resource
development, health promotion, early diagnosis, management, and
referral. This is likely to have a positive impact on the availability
and effectiveness of interventions available for care, and the quality
of life of cancer patients.
Challenging assumptions: A look at the facts
The problem with today’s fast-paced world is that much of the
information available is sometimes inaccurate, or at worst dangerously
misleading. There are plenty of evidence-based, easy-to-understand
resources, reports, books, podcasts, interviews, expert opinions on
cancer, but there are just as many, baseless assumptions that also
exist. For a common man, it can be hard to distinguish fact from
fiction, as most of this inaccurate information sounds believable.
False claims on the internet that cancer is a death sentence are not
true. In fact, despite the sobering statistics, cancer is not always
terminal. As scientists understand cancer better and develop improved
treatments, recovery rates continue to improve. People also believe that
cancer runs in families, although some cancers are passed on
genetically through families, they represent a minority of such cases:
an estimated 3–10% of cancers result from mutations inherited from
parents.
Reducing stigma; listening to the various new forms of treatments and diagnosis available
Communication is the key to reducing stigma around cancer by raising awareness and promoting cancer education.
Researchers across the world have made major advances in learning
more complex details about how to prevent, diagnose, treat, and survive
cancer. At the forefront of emerging cancer research is the success of
immunotherapy, the growing role of precision medicine, the influence
that reducing health disparities can have on cancer outcomes, the use of
new liquid biopsies, and machine learning, which is allowing scientists
to make use of “big data”.
Precision medicine today is helping in cancer treatment where doctors
can choose treatments that are most likely to successfully treat a
person’s cancer based on the detailed genetic information of that
person’s specific cancer. Advancements leading to faster and less
expensive methods of gene sequencing, precision medicine is starting to
be used more often to treat patients, most notably in the treatment of
lung cancer.
A preventive approach is the best approach
Cancer screening is a significant part of overall cancer healthcare.
One of the most effective ways to combat this disease is to detect it at
an early stage and completely eliminate it from the body before the
cancerous cells spread. Hence, the more frequently one is screened, the
healthier and more protected they will be, resulting in improved health
outcomes that matter to the patient, not simply to discover a disease
state. The earliest the detection of the presence of cancer, the better
survival rates are while also bringing with it a lesser amount of
treatment in terms of both costs and use of radiation therapy.
Today there are technologically advanced Genetic testing options,
mostly done through saliva or blood samples, also play a major role in
the prevention of cancer as it contributes to personalizing the health
aspect for an individual thereby reducing the curative costs of dreaded
diseases like cancer. Inheriting a gene linked to cancer from either of
the parents makes the individual much more likely to develop cancer and
hence, they should opt for personalized genetic testing. These tests
start from Rs 3000 and above depending on the nature and complexity of
the test. Although only 5–10% of all cancer cases can be attributed to
genetic defects, most cancers have their roots in the environment and
lifestyle factors including tobacco consumption, diet, alcohol, sun
exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, stress, obesity, and
physical inactivity. Therefore, the only solution is full-scale defense
through early detection and making lifestyle changes, so that nobody
suffers in the first place.
Conclusion
Although the roadmap for early detection and diagnosis focuses on
cancer, the future of health care lies not only in the effective
treatment of symptomatic disease but also in health maintenance—i.e., a
holistic, proactive approach to understanding disease risk, early
detection of deviations away from health, and intervening appropriately,
whatever the disease. Cancer acts as an example to establish
technologies and approaches that will deliver benefit across a range of
disease areas, incorporating disease prevention via interception of
pre-disease, further underscoring the need for partnerships across the
health network. With emerging technological capabilities and increased
urgency in the post-COVID-19 era, an unprecedented opportunity exists to
transform health outcomes.