Tongue cancer is a type of mouth or oral cancer involving the cells
of the tongue leading to tumours or lesions. Various factors including
smoking and tobacco consumption, alcohol use, ulcers caused by sharp
teeth and iron deficiency anaemia are linked to development of tongue
cancer. The cancer can spread to the lymph glands of the neck. If the
cancer is not tackled at the right time with appropriate treatment,
patients may lose their entire tongue.
Wockhardt Hospital in Mumbai is seeing a surge in the number of
tongue cancer patients. "Around 5-6 complex cases of tongue cancer have
been treated at Wockhardt Hospital," said Dr ChandraVeer Singh, a
consultant otorhinolaryngologist, and head and neck onco surgeon, at the
hospital.
The latest case is a 24-year-old woman with stage IVA tongue
cancer, who was successfully treated via complex surgery, radiotherapy,
and chemotherapy.
Stage IVA tongue cancer: Symptoms and treatment
Reshma
Shah (name changed), an event manager and a resident of Mira Road in
Thane district, had a 4.5 cm ulcer located right lateral border of the
tongue, because of which she was unable to talk, eat or swallow and had
mouth pain. She was having these symptoms for over 4 months during the
lockdown.
"While working from home, I noticed an ulcer that prevented me
from eating spicy foods and had to eat bland food. I was petrified
when there was mouth pain, slurred speech, and inability to swallow and
eat. My voice changed, and people would not understand what I want to
say. I love singing and couldn't sing my favourite songs due to the
ulcer and pain.
My world came crashing down after the diagnosis of tongue cancer
as it was an unknown entity for me. I thought I will end up losing my
entire tongue, and never will be able to speak again," said patient
Reshma Shah.
Before the diagnosis, the patient tried many home remedies like
applying honey on the ulcer, having aloe vera juice which provides her
no relief.
As time passed, the issue accelerated further, which disrupted
her daily routine. Finally, she was referred to Wockhardt Hospital, Mira
Road wherein she was successfully treated by Dr Singh.
Dr Singh said, "On arrival, the patient came with complaints like
mouth pain, inability to eat, talk or swallow, and 4.5 cm ulcer located
right lateral border of the tongue. Her biopsy of ulcer, MRI, X-ray,
and CT scan investigations revealed cancerous growth was on the tongue
which extended to the lymph nodes of the right side of the neck. The
ulcer infiltrative lesion arising from ventral surface of the tongue to
the entire floor of the mouth, involving almost the entire anterolateral
two-thirds tongue and not abutting the mandible in the entire length."
In order to halt the spread of cancer, the patient was scheduled
to undergo Hemi glossectomy with FRAFF, followed by 35 cycles of
radiotherapy and 6 cycles of chemotherapy.
"The surgery involved the removal of half of the right side of
the tongue and adjacent tissues and reconstructive surgery is carried
out to restore speech, swallowing and normal appearance. A skin grafting
is done on replaced the tissue removed during surgery. The Hemi
glossectomy with frat and reconstruction procedure where whole surgical
procedure completed in 5 hours. She was discharged after 6 days and she
could eat, speak and swallow properly. She was found to be alright on
follow-ups," Dr Singh added.
Seek timely intervention
Following the
treatment, Reshma is now able to eat solid foods comfortably and her
speech quality has also improved, and she can even sing her favourite
songs with ease.
"Do not ignore any signs like ulcer or mouth pain, and just seek timely intervention," said elated patient Reshma.
Dr Singh advised people to avoid tobacco chewing, smoking, or
consumption of alcohol in any form to prevent tongue cancer. In
addition, he said, oral hygiene should be followed, and sharp teeth that
can cause ulcers need to be addressed by the dentist.