How you can prevent cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is known to be spread by a virus called the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) during sexual contact. We’ve told you about its causes and symptoms, screening including Pap smears. Here are are a few things you can do to prevent cervical cancer:

•  Limit the number of sexual partners. Studies have related the number of sexual partners to HPV and thus cervical cancer.
•  Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke. Research has shown that tobacco smoke combined with HPV infection accelerates the rate of cervical dysplasia.
• Always use condoms. Unprotected sex exposes you to HPV and other sexual infections which increase your risk for cervical cancer. Use them even if you are vaccinated for HPV as the vaccine may not be effective against all types of the virus.
• Schedule your Pap tests.The most important thing you can do to help prevent cervical cancer is to have regular screening tests (Pap test and HPV test). Cervical cancer can be prevented by prevention of HPV infection, as well as detection and treatment of precancerous changes to the cervix.
• Follow-up on abnormal Pap smears diligently as per your doctor’s instructions.
• Get the HPV vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil). They can protect girls and young women against infection with two high-risk types of HPV (HPV 16 and HPV 18) that cause most cervical cancers. These vaccines prevent infection with HPV but do not treat existing infections or cervical cancer. They are safe and effective for females ages 9 through 26 years.  The vaccine is likely to have the greatest effect when administered before the teen years, before the person is sexually active.        THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                      PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/   
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Cervical cancer: Causes and Symptoms

Cervical cancer has outstripped breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in India; it kills around 33,000 women every year in India. India alone accounts for 27% of the worldwide deaths. Sadly, there’s a chronic lack of awareness about the cancer of the cervix.
Cervical cancer is known to be spread by a virus called the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) during sexual contact. It is alarming that even the use of contraceptives do not limit the spread of the virus. Coupled with the fact that the disease remains asymptomatic for a long time till it starts invading neighbouring tissues (HPV can lay dormant in males as well until they pass it on to someone else) it is not surprising that mortality rates associated with it are high.
You are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer if:

• you are a woman over the age of 35
• you have had sex before you were 15
• have HIV
• you have had many sex partners or your partner has had many sexual contacts
• you smoke
• you have many children (due to frequent unprotected intercourse, hormonal changes, low immunity).
• you have been using birth control pills for a long time (five years or more)

HPV infection is extremely common and generally occurs soon after an individual becomes sexually active. The virus passes from per­son to person through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. The greatest cancer threat is from persistent infections.
Symptoms of cervical cancer
In early stages (even in the precancerous stages), cervical cancers usually do not cause symptoms. Only during the later stages of cancer is when one or more of these symptoms may be noticeable:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding between regular menstrual periods, after sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam. Menstrual periods may be heavier and may last longer. Women in their menopause may experience bleeding.
• Increased vaginal discharge
• Pain in the pelvic area
• Pain during sex

However, the above symptoms can also be caused by infections or other health problems. Hence, it is very important to consult your gynaecologist.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                      PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/   
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Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a form of cancer which occurs in the cervix or the lower part of the uterus in women, which opens up into the vagina. It has a high rate of being cured if detected early.
Causes of Cervical Cancer: Major cases of cervical cancer are caused by a virus known as the human papillomavirus or HPV. This virus gets transmitted from one person to another by sexual  contact. Abnormal changes in the cervix cells lead to cervical cancer. Usually, cell changes occur in the transformation zone in the cervix as the cells tend to change constantly, thereby leading to cancer.
Symptoms:

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods, after menopause or after having sex.
2. Pain is experienced during sex.
3. Abnormal vaginal discharge is noticed.
4. Abnormal changes in the menstrual cycle.
5. Anemia due to abnormal bleeding from the vagina.
6. Recurring pain in the pelvis, back or leg.
7. Several urinary problems due to the blockage of the uterus.
8. Urine or stool leakage into the vagina.
9. Loss of weight.

Diagnosis
 Taking regular Pap smear test is recommended to detect abnormal cell changes so that cervical cancer can be prevented before hand. Other diagnostic tests include Colposcopy and cervical biopsy to determine the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix, Endocervical biopsy and Cone biopsy.

Treatment options available: 
Cervical cancer can be treated when detected at an early stage. The type of treatment depends on the stage and type of cervical cancer. The most common treatment methods are as follows:

1. Surgery - Several types of surgeries exist and the ideal one depends on the location and severity of the cervical cancer.
2. Radiation therapy involves the use of high dosage X-rays and implants within the vaginal cavity. This kills the cancer cells and is used in some specific stages of cervical cancer. This therapy is often used with surgery.
3. Chemo-radiation is a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This procedure can be used at various stages of cervical cancer.
4. Chemotherapy involves using medicines for killing cancer cells. It is used in advanced stages of cervical cancer.

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Hepatitis: Infected injections, unsafe blood transfusions

There are five main Hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occurs as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Hepatitis B is also transmitted by sexual contact.

“Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) infections are silent diseases that remain asymptomatic for decades. Due to lower awareness, more than 80 percent HCV patients and over 60 percent patients with HBV are diagnosed at a stage when the disease is irreversible.

A senior consultant gasteroenterology  told that “of Hepatitis through infected syringes and blood is a significant problem ”

“Most patients in India get the Hepatitis B and C forms in childhood either through mother to child transmission or contact with other siblings,” he said adding, many times after being infected the problem becomes chronic and they become permanent carriers of the virus.

A group medical director and senior gasteroenterologist , who specialises in paediatric Hepatitis, said immunisation against the disease is an effective prevention method.

Under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), the government provides Hepatitis B vaccine and 

 the government has also introduced auto-disabled (AD) syringes for all vaccinations under UIP in all states. AD syringes are single use, self-locking syringes that cannot be used more than once.

This prevents misuse and contamination and cross- infection through repeated use of unsterilised injection or equipment. Routine screening of blood units for Hepatitis B and C has been made mandatory for all blood banks to detect and discard contaminated blood units, a senior health ministry official said.

 According to the World Health Organization, 240 million people globally are chronically infected with Hepatitis B and around 150 million are chronically infected with Hepatitis C.

Approximately 500 million people worldwide are living with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C. This means 1 in 12 people suffer from this deadly disease.

As for Hepatitis C, one out of every 100 in India may be chronically infected by the virus and most among these 12 million people do not know they are infected.

“Hepatitis C usually affects people in the age group of 20 to 60 years while Hepatitis B is most common in the age groups 10 to 60 years,”  senior consultant Hepatologist and Gastroenterologist, said.

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

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