Hepatitis: Infected injections, unsafe blood transfusions

There are five main Hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occurs as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Hepatitis B is also transmitted by sexual contact.

“Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) infections are silent diseases that remain asymptomatic for decades. Due to lower awareness, more than 80 percent HCV patients and over 60 percent patients with HBV are diagnosed at a stage when the disease is irreversible.

A senior consultant gasteroenterology  told that “of Hepatitis through infected syringes and blood is a significant problem ”

“Most patients in India get the Hepatitis B and C forms in childhood either through mother to child transmission or contact with other siblings,” he said adding, many times after being infected the problem becomes chronic and they become permanent carriers of the virus.

A group medical director and senior gasteroenterologist , who specialises in paediatric Hepatitis, said immunisation against the disease is an effective prevention method.

Under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), the government provides Hepatitis B vaccine and 

 the government has also introduced auto-disabled (AD) syringes for all vaccinations under UIP in all states. AD syringes are single use, self-locking syringes that cannot be used more than once.

This prevents misuse and contamination and cross- infection through repeated use of unsterilised injection or equipment. Routine screening of blood units for Hepatitis B and C has been made mandatory for all blood banks to detect and discard contaminated blood units, a senior health ministry official said.

 According to the World Health Organization, 240 million people globally are chronically infected with Hepatitis B and around 150 million are chronically infected with Hepatitis C.

Approximately 500 million people worldwide are living with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C. This means 1 in 12 people suffer from this deadly disease.

As for Hepatitis C, one out of every 100 in India may be chronically infected by the virus and most among these 12 million people do not know they are infected.

“Hepatitis C usually affects people in the age group of 20 to 60 years while Hepatitis B is most common in the age groups 10 to 60 years,”  senior consultant Hepatologist and Gastroenterologist, said.

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