Alcohol dependence:signs and symptoms, causes, health risks and how to overcome it

Alcohol dependence, also known as alcoholism, is the most serious form of drinking problem that can lead to serious physical and mental health issues. Commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder, it occurs when a person drinks so much that their body eventually becomes dependent on or addicted to alcohol. Meanwhile, a comprehensive government survey found that an estimated 5.7 crore people in India need treatment for alcohol dependency. The report also showed that there are an estimated 72 lakh individuals who need treatment for cannabis use, 60 lakh for opioids and 11 lakh for sedatives.
The exact cause of alcohol use disorder is still unclear, however, there are certain factors that can increase the risk for developing the disorder, including stressful events such as losing a job or bereavement, having a mental health problem like depression, anxiety, etc. It is claimed that alcohol dependence can also run in families. According to the researchers, early onset of intoxication and drinking can result in heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. 

Signs and symptoms of alcohol dependence

People with alcohol use disorder may exhibit the following signs:

1. Making excuses to drink
2. Waking up and drinking
3. Eating poorly or not eating
4. Being unable to control alcohol intake
5. Having a high tolerance- consuming more to feel the effects of alcohol
6. Putting alcohol above personal responsibilities
7. Craving alcohol when not drinking
8. Withdrawal symptoms (when not drinking) such as sweating, shaking and nausea  
9. Tremors
10. Lapses in memory

Alcohol dependence: Health risks, what you can do about it

Limiting or taking regular breaks from alcohol is the best way to prevent and reduce your risk of becoming dependent on alcohol. However, you should seek treatment if you begin to engage in behaviours that are signs of alcohol use disorder.

Alcoholism can seriously damage your liver. It can also lead to a whole range of health complications such as - high blood pressure, nerve damage, heart disease, brain defects, diabetes complications, vision damage, cancer, depression, etc. If you think you may have a problem with alcohol, seeking help sooner rather than later will help you get back on track to living a healthy, fulfilling life.

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Job loss fears may trigger asthma risk

The fear of loosing job may boost the risk of developing asthma for the first time, a new study has warned.

The findings back up other epidemiological studies pointing to a link between the development of asthma and stress, particularly work related stress, researchers said.

They base their findings on just over 7000 working adults, who responded to the German Socio-Economic Panel Study - an annual representative survey of the German population - in 2009 and 2011.

The survey covered a period of severe economic downturn across Europe, which began in 2008. And all respondents were asked in 2009 how likely they thought it was that they might lose their job over the next two years.

Their answers were graded in 10 per cent increments from 0-100 per cent, and divided into high versus low or no threat.

The researchers used a cut-off point of a 50 per cent or greater likelihood of unemployment versus a less than 50 per cent probability.

Between 2009 and 2011, 105 new cases of asthma were diagnosed among the survey group, half of whom were women.

Those who felt that the likelihood of losing their job over the next two years was high tended to be slightly younger, had reached a lower level of education, a lower monthly income, and were more likely to be single than those who felt the risk was low (2787) or non-existent (2593).

And those who didn't feel their tenure was secure were less likely to be on permanent contracts and more likely to have been diagnosed with depression.

After taking into account various sociodemographic factors, depression, and lifestyle, the analysis indicated that asthma risk seemed to rise with increasing job insecurity. For every 25 per cent increase in the perceived threat of job loss, the risk of asthma rose by 24 per cent.

Among those who believed that they were very likely to lose their job the risk of asthma rose to 60 per cent compared with those who thought job loss was unlikely or non-existent.

This is an observational study, so no definitive conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, researchers said.

But the researchers they say their results are "consistent with epidemiological studies, which have shown that psychological stress in particular work related stress, may be risk factors for new onset asthma."

"Our findings may also provide a possible explanation for the increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms during the recent economic crisis in the UK," they added.

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