Hunger-controlling brain cells can tackle obesity

A team of researchers has discovered two new types of cell in the brain that can potently regulate appetite and offer new drugs to treat obesity. Researchers  have revealed that there are two types of cells which are located in the part of the brainstem known as the dorsal raphe nucleus, that have the capability to treat obesity by controlling the hunger signals that instill the search for and consumption of food.

The results indicated that the part of the brain played a role in feeding behavior. Researchers have conducted a study on mice's dorsal raphe nucleus or DRN when whole-brain imaging made with iDISCO, revealed that this part of the brain becomes activated in hungry mice.

"The recent data suggest that modulation of the activity of specific neurons with drugs could bypass leptin resistance and provide a new means for reducing body weight," said a researcher.
 
Subsequent imaging of other mice that were fed more than their normal amount of food, until they were fully revealed a different pattern of DRN activity. "One is that the cells are just along for the ride--they are getting activated by hunger but they're not actually driving the food intake process. The other possibility is that they are in fact part of the sense and response mechanism to hunger--and in this case, we suspected the latter," he added.

They also studied the effect of switching off hunger neurons in obese mice. Another researcher stated said that prolonged inhibition of these neurons could dramatically reduce weight.

New findings disclosed how the brain controls eating, and suggest that drugs designed to activate or inhibit neurons in the DRN could be effective in treating obesity and preventing its related disorders, such as diabetes and hypertension.

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Hunger-blocking hormone may help treat obesity: Study

A specific hormone - known to regulate metabolism, appetite and weight - also influences cells other than neurons that control appetite, a promising study reveals.

Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have found that the hormone also acts on other types of cells to control appetite - a discovery that could lead to development of treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.

"Until now, the scientific community thought that leptin acts exclusively in neurons to modulate behaviour and body weight," said Tamas Horvath, the Jean and David W. Wallace professor of biomedical research at Yale School of Medicine.

Leptin, a naturally occurring hormone, is known for its hunger-blocking effect on the hypothalamus, a region in the brain.

Food intake is influenced by signals that travel from the body to the brain.

Leptin is one of the molecules that signal the brain to modulate food intake.

It is produced in fat cells and informs the brain of the metabolic state.


If animals are missing leptin, or the leptin receptor, they eat too much and become much too obese.
To test the theory, Horvath and his team selectively knocked out leptin receptors in the adult non-neuronal glial cells of mice.

They found that animals responded less to feeding reducing effects of leptin but had heightened feeding responses to the hunger hormone ghrelin.

"Glial cells provide the main barrier between the periphery and the brain. Thus glial cells could be targeted for drugs that treat metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes," Horvath noted.

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Hormone leptin may help treat obesity: Study

A new study has revealed that hormone leptin - known to regulate metabolism, appetite and weight - also influences cells other than neurons that control appetite.

The research, published in the June 1 issue of Nature Neuroscience, could lead to development of treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.

Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have found that the hormone also acts on other types of cells to control appetite.

“Until now, the scientific community thought that leptin acts exclusively in neurons to modulate behaviour and body weight," said Tamas Horvath, the Jean and David W. Wallace professor of biomedical research at Yale School of Medicine.

Leptin, a naturally occurring hormone, is known for its hunger-blocking effect on the hypothalamus, a region in the brain. Leptin hormone is made by fat cells which regulates the amount of fat stored in the body.

Food intake is influenced by signals that travel from the body to the brain. Leptin is one of the molecules that signal the brain to modulate food intake.

If animals are missing leptin, or the leptin receptor, they eat too much and become much too obese.
In the study, Horvath and his team selectively knocked out leptin receptors in the adult non-neuronal glial cells of mice.

The researchers then recorded the water and food intake, as well as physical activity every five days.
The team found that animals responded less to feeding reducing effects of leptin but had heightened feeding responses to the hunger hormone ghrelin.

According to Horvath, “Glial cells provide the main barrier between the periphery and the brain. Thus glial cells could be targeted for drugs that treat metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes.”

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