Thursday, January 26, 2017

Depression might aggravate cancer risk

People who are frequently depressed or anxious may run a higher risk of dying from certain types of cancer, researchers said on Thursday.

Medical records of more than 160,000 adults in England and Wales showed that those describing themselves as psychologically distressed were more likely to succumb to cancer, especially of the colon, prostate and pancreas.

Leukemia and cancer of the o esophagus, or food pipe, were also more elevated among this group, they wrote in the  BMJ medical journal. 


The researchers were cautious in their conclusions, pointing out that a statistical link does not necessarily signify a cause-and-effect relationship between mood and cancer.

But the findings add to growing evidence that mental and physical health do not function on separate planes, and that one can influence the other, they said.

Earlier research, for example, showed that chronic depression and anxiety may help trigger heart disease and stroke.
But attempts to discern similar links between states of mind and cancer have yielded mixed results.

To find out more, a quartet of researchers led by David Batty of University College London examined raw data from 16 long-term studies, covering 163,363 people aged 16 and over.

Participants were monitored for an average of nearly a decade. More than 4,300 died of cancer.

The team sifted through raw data on psychological distress levels, lifestyle habits and  and cancer incidence.

They searched in particular for evidence of links between stress and cancers related to hormonal changes or lifestyle.

Depression is known to disrupt hormonal balance to the extent of boosting natural cortisone concentrations and inhibiting DNA repair mechanisms, both of which weaken cancer defenses.

It is also well established that people who are down in the dumps are more likely to smoke, drink and become obese -- all associated with a higher cancer risk.

The team found that regardless of one's lifestyle, people who described themselves as depressed were nearly twice as likely to dies of colon cancer, and more than twice of likely to succumb to pancreas or esophageal cancer. The rate for leukemia was even higher.

The team could not discount that depression may be  a result, rather than the cause, of cancer.

"Distress might be a consequence of the early stages of the malignancy rather than a potential predictor," they noted.

If someone is sick, in other words, even if unaware they have cancer, the symptoms are likely to dampen their spirits.

More research is needed to confirm the link, and tease out the causal connections, said Batty.

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People who are frequently depressed or anxious may run a higher risk of dying from certain types of cancer, researchers said on Thursday.

Medical records of more than 160,000 adults in England and Wales showed that those describing themselves as psychologically distressed were more likely to succumb to cancer, especially of the colon, prostate and pancreas.


People who are frequently depressed or anxious may run a higher risk of dying from certain types of cancer, researchers said on Thursday.

Medical records of more than 160,000 adults in England and Wales showed that those describing themselves as psychologically distressed were more likely to succumb to cancer, especially of the colon, prostate and pancreas.

Leukaemia and cancer of the oesophagus, or food pipe, were also more elevated among this group, they wrote in the ..

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Wednesday, August 03, 2016

Proton therapy for better cancer treatment

In order to provide precision-based treatment for patients ailing from stage 3 and 4 cancers, Apollo Hospitals is set to incorporate `proton therapy', an advanced form of radiation therapy that uses beams of high-energy protons rather than the traditional X-rays to destroy cancerous cells.

The facility, that is to cost of Rs 650 crore, will enable proton therapy to be used to enable targeted radiation for patients affected with lung, brain, esophagus, head and neck cancers.

"We placed the order for proton therapy in 2013 and it will be installed in our Chennai branch by 2018. The system costs about half-a-billion dollars (in the US) and the procurement process takes three years," said Preetha Reddy , executive vicechairperson, Apollo Hospitals group. She added that Apollo would be the first hospital group to incorporate this facility in south east Asia.

Differentiating protonbased radiation therapy from the traditional photonbased radiation in vogue, she said that in the former, radiation does not burn healthy tissues.

However, the cost can be a dampener -the treatment may cost around Rs 20 lakh in India.


Dr Prathap C Reddy , chairman, Apollo Hospitals, sought to downplay the price factor, saying proton therapy in select centres in Europe is known to cost as much as Rs 5 crore. "Only a few countries in Europe, besides Japan and South Korea, can boast of proton therapy facility. The cost of treatment in India would be a fraction of what it costs there," he said.


 He added that in the next three years, the hospital would make an investment of Rs 1,200 crore in its oncology division. Incidentally , cancer treatment currently generates 20 to 22 per cent of the income for the hospital group.

What is proton therapy?

Beams of high-energy protons are aimed at cancerous cells, which attack their DNA and induce destruction. While X-rays tend to affect surrounding healthy tissues, protons target only affected cells. Protons deposit their energy at a precise and measurable location that can be calibrated. This phenomenon is called Bragg peak and allows significantly reducing negative effects of the t
reatment.


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Saturday, July 30, 2016

Rare Gene Mutation Linked To Oesophageal Cancer Discovered

Scientists have discovered that a rare genetic mutation is associated with susceptibility to esophageal cancer and familial Barrett esophagus.

Researchers at University Hospitals Case Medical Centre in the US,  set out to identify novel disease susceptibility variants in familial Barrett esophagus (FBO) in affected individuals from a large multigenerational family.

Barrett's esophagus is a serious complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In Barrett's esophagus (BO), normal tissue lining the esophagus - the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach - changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine.

The team, led by Chak along with Kishore Guda, of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Centre, used targeted next generation gene sequencing to find a rare mutation (S631G) in FBO in the uncharacterised gene VSIG10L that segregated with disease in affected family members.

Studies showed that this mutation disrupts maturation of the normal esophageal lining.

"Instances of esophageal cancer are on the rise, and the disease has a poor five-year survival rate of less than 15 per cent," said Chak.

"However early detection through screening can prevent the development of esophageal cancer. Further research assessing this gene variant may reveal pathways important for the pathogenesis of BO and esophageal adenocarcinoma, leading to earlier detection and better treatment options," he said.

Affecting up to 6.8 per cent of the population, BO is a leading predictor of esophageal cancer.

Compared with the general population, patients with BO have an 11-fold higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

However, despite a dramatic increase in the disease over the past four decades, there have been few advances in understanding and improving treatment options.

Discovery of this variant, which is the first susceptibility variant discovered in FBO, shows novel biology in disease pathogenesis, and indicates early screening and close clinical monitoring for individuals harbouring this germline variant.

"This is a step forward in combating this deadly disease as we discovered a new way to categorise those at risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma," said Chak.

The study was published in the journal JAMA Oncology.


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Sunday, November 01, 2015

Some unhealthy things you do unconsciously which need to stop

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 1. Bruxing

Bruxing is the act of unconsciously grinding or clenching your teeth. All of us do this when we’re anxious or tensed. But if this becomes a habit; and you find yourself doing it all the time (even when asleep), then it’s bad news. Bruxing can do some serious damage to your teeth. It can make the length of your teeth uneven, can cause micro-cracks that lead to nerve damage and can even give rise to teeth sensitivity. Sometimes it can loosen your teeth and cause headaches and jaw aches.

2. Drinking water while standing

If you drink water while standing all the time, you may unconsciously damage your stomach. This can mess up with your digestive system in the long run, and can even cause kidney damage. Joint pain and arthritis can happen too as drinking water this way disturbs the balance of bodily fluids. It is best to drink water in a sitting position.

On other hand, lying down just after a meal is pretty bad too. If you lie down immediately after, it can lead to heart burns; and if it becomes a regular habit then there’s a chance of developing esophagus cancer. So be careful the next time and sit upright post-meals.


3. Nail biting

Rochelle Torgerson, M.D., Ph.D., a dermatologist has forfeited, when you bite your nails you increase the risk of catching cold and other diseases. Nail biting, although unconscious can hamper your natural nail growth. Constant biting also causes infections and increases the chance of spreading warts to the rest of your hand, says Rochelle. Pain and discomfort are common too.

4. Brushing/ Towel drying wet hair

Your hair, when wet, is most sensitive and fragile, making it prone to damage. This is because the protective cuticle of the hair is slightly raised at the time. If you vigorously towel dry your hair or brush it to clear out tangles when it’s wet, then chances are you’re losing more hair than you normally would. This can also slow down hair growth.

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Wednesday, November 26, 2014

Fat to blame for a half a million cancers a year, WHO agency says

Some half a million cases of cancer a year are due to people being overweight or obese, and the problem is particularly acute in North America, the World Health Organization's cancer research agency said on Wednesday.

In a study published in the journal The Lancet Oncology, the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) said high body mass index (BMI) has now become a major cancer risk factor, responsible for some 3.6 percent, or 481,000, of new cancer cases in 2012.

"The number of cancers linked to obesity and overweight is expected to rise globally along with economic development," said Christopher Wild, IARC's director.

He said the findings underlined the importance of helping people maintain a healthy weight to reduce their risk of developing a wide range of cancers, and of helping developing countries avoid the problems currently faced by wealthier ones.

The IARC study found that, for now, North America has by far the worst cancer problem linked to weight, with some 111,000 obesity-related cancers diagnosed in 2012, accounting for 23 percent of global cancer cases linked to high BMI.

In Europe, obesity is to blame for around 6.5 percent of all new cancers a year, or around 65,000 cases.

While in most Asian countries the proportion of fat-related cancers is smaller, it still translates into tens of thousands of cases because populations are so large, IARC said.

In China, for example, about 50,000 cancer cases are associated with being too fat, accounting for 1.6 percent of new cancer cases.

In Africa, on the other hand, obesity is to blame for only 1.5 percent of cancers.

Having a high BMI -- a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters -- increases the risk of developing cancers of the oesophagus, colon, rectum, kidney, pancreas, gallbladder, postmenopausal breast, ovary and endometrium. A BMI score of 25 or more is classed as overweight, while 30 or more is obese.

Melina Arnold, who co-led the IARC study, noted that women are disproportionately affected by obesity-related cancers.

For postmenopausal breast cancer, for example - the most common women's cancer worldwide - the findings suggest that 10 percent of cases could be prevented by not being overweight.

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