World’s first birth from frozen ovary

In a medical breakthrough, a 28-year-old woman has become the first person in the world to give birth to a healthy baby using ovarian tissue that was removed and frozen in her childhood. 

Previous successful transplants resulting in pregnancies have used frozen ovary tissue removed from adult women, but this is the first time ovarian tissue was taken from a girl when she was just 13 years and 11-months old. 

It was not known whether tissue taken from girls before puberty could develop to produce mature eggs. 

The breakthrough, described in the journal Human Reproduction, gives hope to thousands of young cancer victims that face treatments such as chemotherapy which can damage the ovaries, leaving them infertile. 

The patient, who was born in the Republic of Congo but moved to Belgium aged 11, had received a transplant of her brother’s bone marrow to treat her sickle-cell anaemia. 

The procedure required chemotherapy to disable the immune system and prevent rejection of the bone marrow, The Times reported. 

Doctors removed her right ovary just before she turned 14 and froze tissue fragments. Puberty and breast development had begun but she had not started her periods. 

The treatment left her with no functioning ovary and when she was 15 doctors began hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to induce menstruation. 

Ten years later, she decided to start a family and doctors, led by Isabelle Demeestere, a gynaecologist and research associate at Erasme Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, stopped the HRT and grafted four fragments of the frozen ovarian tissue on to the remaining left ovary and other fragments in the surrounding area. 

The transplanted tissue started to respond to her hormones and grew follicles containing maturing eggs. Her periods began five months later. 

After two years, she became pregnant naturally with her partner and delivered a healthy boy in November last year. 

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New water-birth mirror for safer deliveries

Water births will now be safer and also convenient for midwives.

Scientists at Loughborough University in Britain have invented an illuminated, adjustable mirror that can be used under water when a baby is being born.

Experts say that giving birth in a water pool is an effective form of pain relief and helps many women feel in control during labour.

"We hope the device will help the midwives carry out their work in more comfortable conditions, and for future mothers-to-be to benefit from this device that allows them to experience a more dignifying labour," said Carmen Torres, senior lecturer at Loughborough's school of mechanical and manufacturing engineering.

The mirror, which has lights around its frame, is mounted securely on a flexible pole.
Its design makes it easier for midwives to see when a baby's head crowns.

Midwives currently have to bend over the side of a pool and with one hand hold a mirror under the water to look for the baby's head crowning, while shining a torch above with the other hand.

The new device could make having a water birth more pleasant and dignified for women, a university press release said.

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Heart can regenerate itself long after birth: Scienists

Heart muscle cells can retain the ability to replicate long after birth, researchers have claimed, contradicting the previous theory that these cells stop duplicating just after birth. 

The study, carried out on mice, also showed that in response to a surge in thyroid hormone, heart muscle cells undergo an intense 24 hour "burst" of division in preadolescence. 

During this burst, the number of heart muscle cells increase by more than 40 per cent, or half a million cells, and compared with later in development, the ability of the heart to recover after injury was enhanced. 

This response is essential for the heart to meet the increased circulatory needs of the body during a period of rapid growth in preadolescence, in which the heart increases almost four-fold in size. 

In a study published in Cell, the scientists have overturned more than a century of scientific theory, which proposed that heart muscle cells in mammals stopped replicating just after birth, limiting the organ's ability to repair itself after injury. 

The findings suggest that thyroid hormone therapy could stimulate the process, and may even enhance the heart's ability to regenerate in patients with heart disease. 

Bob Graham, Executive Director at the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Des Renford of Medicine at UNSW, with Ahsan Husain at Emory University, led the study. 

"Heart muscle cells retain the ability to divide and make new cells for a long time after birth, at least until preadolescence, equivalent to eight to ten years of age in humans," Graham said. 

"The implications of our findings could be huge, as it may give us a significant window of opportunity in which to repair the hearts of babies born with heart defects, or even to reactivate heart muscle cells damaged after a heart attack in adults," he said. 

"The scientists also believed the brevity of the burst may explain why it has previously gone undetected, taking place over just 24 hours in mice, equating to around five weeks in humans," he said.
"I think this research has given us some really important and significant insights, including that the heart is not as static as we previously thought," Graham added.

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Premature birth linked to asthma

Is your kid suffering from asthma and wheezing disorders? The reason may be the child's premature birth, research showed.

The risk of developing these conditions increases as the degree of prematurity increases, the study showed.

The findings are based on a systematic review of 30 studies that investigated the association between preterm birth and asthma/wheezing disorders among 1.5 million children.

Worldwide, more than 11 percent of babies are born premature.

Across the studies that ranged a time span from 1995 to present, 13.7 per cent of premature babies developed asthma or wheezing disorders compared with 8.3 percent of babies born at term, representing a 70 per cent increased risk.

"Children born very early - before 32 weeks gestation - had approximately three times the risk of developing asthma/wheezing disorders compared with babies born at term," the study showed.

"As asthma is a chronic condition, our findings underscore the need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between preterm birth and asthma/wheezing disorders in order to develop preventive and therapeutic interventions," said Aziz Sheikh of Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) in Boston, US.

The study results were published by researchers at BWH in collaboration with investigators at the Maastricht University Medical Centre and Maastricht University School of Public Health in the Netherlands and The University of Edinburgh in Britain.

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Birth order may affect weight, heart disease risk

 First-born children are more likely than second-borns to be overweight in later life and may also be at a greater risk of metabolic and heart diseases, a new study has found.

Researchers at the University of Auckland found that birth order may affect the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

The study of middle-aged men living in New Zealand found that kids born first into their family were about 7kg heavier and had a bigger BMI than second-borns, 'BBC News' reported.

They also had more insulin resistance, which can lead to health problems, researchers said.

There is some evidence to suggest birth order may influence the body's fat make-up and metabolism, from infancy to the teenage years. However, the potential impact in mid-life is unknown, researchers said.

Dr Wayne Cutfield and colleagues studied 50 overweight but otherwise healthy men between the ages of 40 and 50.

“First-born men were heavier and had lower insulin sensitivity than second-borns," researchers said.

"Thus, first-born adults may be at a greater risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases," they added.

Researchers cautioned that larger studies are needed to fully evaluate this link.

The study was published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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