Study suggests vitamin D supplementation may slow type 2 diabetes progression

In a recent study it has been found that Vitamin D supplementation may slow type 2 diabetes progression rate in newly diagnosed and pre-diabetes patients.

The type 2 diabetes is an increasingly prevalent disease, which puts a huge burden on patients and society and can also lead to serious health problems including nerve damage, blindness and kidney failure.

People suffering from a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes ( prediabetes) can be identified by several risk factors including obesity or a family history of the disease. Although low vitamin D levels have previously been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, some studies have reported no improvement in metabolic function.

However, these often had a low number of participants or included individuals with normal vitamin D levels at the start who were metabolically healthy, or who had long standing type 2 diabetes. Whether vitamin D supplementation has any beneficial effect in patients with prediabetes or with newly diagnosed diabetes, especially in those who have low vitamin D levels, remains uncertain.

In this study, lead researcher along with her fellow researchers examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism in patients who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or identified as at high risk of developing the condition.

Markers of insulin function and glucose metabolism were measured before and after 6 months of high-dose vitamin D supplementation ( approximately 3-10 times the recommended dose).

Although only 46% of study participants were determined to have low vitamin D levels at the start of the study, supplementation with vitamin D significantly improved the action of insulin in muscle tissue of participants after 6 months.

The lead researcher said, the reason we saw improvements in glucose metabolism following vitamin D supplementation in those at high risk of diabetes, or with newly diagnosed diabetes, while other studies failed to demonstrate an effect in people with long-standing type 2 diabetes is unclear. This could be due to the fact that improvements in metabolic function are harder to detect in those with a longer-term disease or that longer treatment time is needed to see the benefits.

The lead researchers suggested that future studies should evaluate whether there are individual clinical or genetic factors that affect how different people respond to vitamin D supplementation and if the positive effect on metabolism is maintained in the longer term.

Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes are a growing public health concern and although our results are promising, further studies are required to confirm our findings, to identify whether some people may benefit more from this intervention, and to evaluate the safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation recommendations be followed, she added.

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Virtual reality may help treat autism, Parkinson's

Playing games in virtual reality (VR) may help treat people with neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, a study claims. The technology, could help the patients shift their perceptions of time, which their conditions lead them to perceive differently.

"The ability to estimate the passage of time with precision is fundamental to our ability to interact with the world," said  a post-doctoral fellow.

"For some individuals, however, the internal clock is maladjusted, causing timing deficiencies that affect perception and action," he said in a statement.

The study will help researchers to understand how these deficiencies might be acquired, and how to recalibrate time perception in the brain. It involved 18 females and 13 males with normal vision and no sensory, musculoskeletal or neurological disorders.

The researchers used a virtual reality game, Robo Recall, to create a natural setting in which to encourage re-calibration of time perception. The researchers coupled the speed and duration of visual events to the participant's body movements.

They measured participants' time perception abilities before and after they were exposed to the dynamic VR task.

Some participants also completed non-VR time-perception tasks, such as throwing a ball, to use as a control comparison. The team measured the actual and perceived durations of a moving probe in the time perception tasks. The researchers found that virtual reality manipulation was associated with significant reductions in the participants' estimates of time, by around 15 per cent.

"This study adds valuable proof that the perception of time is flexible, and that VR offers a potentially valuable tool for recalibrating time in the brain," he said.

"It offers a compelling application for rehabilitation initiatives that focus on how time perception breaks down in certain populations," he said.

Weech said that while the effects were strong during the current study, more research is needed to find out how long the effects last, and whether these signals are observable in the brain. "For developing clinical applications, we need to know whether these effects are stable for minutes, days, or weeks afterwards. A longitudinal study would provide the answer to this question," he said.

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