FDA approves first ever oral Semaglutide for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes

Food and Drug Administration has approved first GLP-1 oral drug Semaglutide for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administartion has granted approval to semaglutide oral tablets to improve control of blood sugar in adult patients with type 2 diabetes, along with diet and exercise. Oral Semaglutide is the first glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor protein approved non-injectable treatment for use in the U.S.

Patients want effective treatment options for diabetes that are as minimally intrusive on their lives as possible, and the Food and Drug Administration welcomes the advancement of new therapeutic options that can make it easier to patients to control their condition, said one of the researcher. Before this approval, patients did not have an oral GLP 1 option to treat their type 2 diabetes, and now patients will have a new option for treating type 2 diabetes without injections.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that develops when pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood sugar at normal levels GLP1 drugs are non-insulin treatments for people with type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide slows digestion, prevents the liver from making too much sugar and helps the pancreas produce more insulin when needed.

The efficacy and safety of oral Semaglutide in reducing blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes were studies in 2 placebo-controlled trials that compared it to other GLP 1 injection treatments, including metformin, sulfonylureas ( insulin secretagogues), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2- (SGLT-2) inhibitors, insulins and thaizolidinediones, all in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In the placebo-controlled studies, Rybelsus as a stand-alone therapy resulted in a significant reduction in blood sugar ( HbA1c) compared with placebo, as determined through HBA1c tests, which measure average levels of blood sugar over time. After 26 weeks, 69% of those taking 7 mg once daily and 77% of those taking 14 mg once daily of Rybelsus decreased their HbA1c to lower than 7%, compared with 31 % patients on placebo.

The prescribing information for Rybelsus includes a boxed warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the potential increased risk of thyroid c-cell tumours, and that Rybelsus is not recommended as the 1st choice of medicine for treating diabetes. Patients who have ever had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or who have a family member who has ever had MTC are advised not to use Rybelsus. Additionally, patients who have ever had an endocrine system condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (mEN 2) are advised not to use. .Rybelsus. Rybelsus is not for use in patients with type 1 diabetes and people with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Rybelsus also has warnings about panreatitis ( inflammation of the pancreas), diabetic retinopathy ( damage to the eye's retina), hypoglycemia ( low blood sugar(, acute kidney injury and hypersensitivity reactions. It is not known whether Rybelsus can be used by patients who have had pancreatitis. The risk of hypoglycemia increased when Rybelsus was used in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin.

Rybelsus should be taken at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage or other oral medication of the day, with no more than 4 ounces of plain water. Rybelsus slows digestion, so patients should discus other medications they are taking with their health care provider before starting Rybelsus. The most common side effects are nausea diarrhea, vomiting, decreased appetite, indigestion and constipation.

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Platypus venom paves way to possible diabetes treatment

The males of the extraordinary semi-aquatic mammal - one of the only kind to lay eggs - have venomous spurs on the heels of their hind feet.

The poison is used to ward off adversaries.

But scientists at the University of Adelaide have discovered it contains a hormone that could help treat diabetes.

Known as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), it is also found in humans and other animals, where it promotes insulin release, lowering blood glucose levels. But it normally degrades very quickly.

Not for the duck-billed bottom feeders though. Or for echidnas, also known as spiny anteaters - another iconic Australian species found to carry the unusual hormone.

Both produce a long-lasting form of it, offering the tantalising prospect of creating something similar for human diabetes sufferers.
 
Lead researcher Prof Frank Grutzer told the BBC's Greg Dunlop why the researchers had decided to look at the platypus and its insulin mechanisms: "We knew from genome analysis that there was something weird about the platypus's metabolic control system because they basically lack a functional stomach."

They are not the only animals to use insulin against enemies. The gila monster, a venomous lizard native to the US and Mexico, and the geographer cone, a dangerous sea snail which can kill entire schools of fish by releasing insulin into the sea, both also weaponise the chemical.


"That's obviously something that can be powerful in venom," Prof Grutzer said, though he stressed it was not what had led them to the discovery. "It was really coincidental," he said.
 
He emphasised that much more research was needed before the discovery could, if ever, lead to a human treatment: "An important experiment is going to be putting this it into mice and see how it affects blood glucose levels. That's certainly very high on our priority list.

"But to get to a drug is a very long journey. We still have to learn a lot more about how this platypus hormone actually works."

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.

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https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes

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