World’s Smallest Device to Prevent Skin Cancer, Mood Disorder Risk

Scientists have developed the world's smallest wearable, battery-free device that can warn people of overexposure to ultraviolet rays (UV) - a leading factor for developing skin cancer.

Currently, people do not know how much UV light they are actually getting. The rugged and waterproof device interacts wirelessly with the phone and helps maintain an awareness and for skin cancer survivors.

Smaller than colourful button-shaped chocolates and thinner than a credit card, the device can optimise treatment of neonatal jaundice, skin diseases, seasonal affective disorder and reduce risk of sunburns and skin cancer.

Users can glue the device on to their hats, clip it to sunglasses or stick it on their nail and can simultaneously record up to three separate wavelengths of light.

It is always on yet never needs to be recharged.

There is a critical need for technologies that can accurately measure and promote safe UV exposure at a personalised level in natural environments. We hope people with information about their UV exposure will develop healthier habits when out in the sun. 

There are no switches or interfaces to wear out, and it is completely sealed in a thin layer of transparent plastic, the researchers stated, in the paper published.

Participants who mounted device on themselves recorded multiple forms of light exposure during outdoor activities, even in the water.

The findings showed that it monitored therapeutic UV light in clinical phototherapy booths for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (immune diseases) as well as blue light phototherapy for newborns with jaundice in the neonatal intensive care unit.

It also demonstrated the ability to measure white light exposure for seasonal depression, a mood disorder characterised by depression that occurs at the same time every year.

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Scientists have found a cancer-fighting chemical in human skin bacteria

Bacteria that commonly live on your skin's surface just might be protecting you from cancer.

'Because each person has many different [staph] strains on their body, we found 6-HAP genes on about 20 percent of the normal population, ' the researcher said. "Still, the revelation that it engages in anti-cancer activity is entirely new".

The findings could lead to a new way to decrease the risk of skin cancer or a less toxic way to treat existing cancer, the lead researcher told.

"It is early to say for sure", the researcher said. The scientists described that a specific bacteria strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis secretes a chemical that eliminates harmful bacteria which have been depicted as responsible for infections. But the specific bacteria in question - a strain called Staphylococcus epidermidis - appears to produce a specific anti-cancer compound known as 6-N-hydroxyaminopurine (6-HAP), the researchers found. The chemical did not inhibit the growth of normal human skin cells, because they possess 6-HAP-deactivating enzymes that were not present on cancerous cells.

One in five Americans will be diagnosed with skin cancer by age 70, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Perhaps, the research findings of this study is bit different from the previous research.

They conducted a research in which testing was performed on mice. More than 95 percent of these are non-melanoma skin cancer, which is typically caused by overexposure to the sun's UV rays. 

Those with the bacteria on their skin that did not make 6-HAP had many skin tumors, but mice with the S. epidermidis strain producing 6-HAP did not. It's still unclear if the absence of this bacteria will trigger the growth and development of cancerous tissue.

A researcher has discovered approximately 2 years ago that a type of common skin bacteria protect against cancer because it produces a protein which can protect humans against the oxidative stress caused by free radicals. We further need to understand how these microbiomes play an important role in human biology. Because of this, future studies seeking to exploit the protective potential of skin bacteria "would have to be attempted with high caution", the researcher warned.

However, she added that bacteria tend to have a high mutation rate, and thus a high potential for giving rise to antibiotic resistance.

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