Saturday, November 23, 2019

Lack of Sleep May Cause Heart Disease in Poor

Insufficient sleep is one reason why people with a lower socioeconomic status are at a higher risk of heart disease higher risk of heart disease, according to a study published on Thursday.

Researchers from the University Center of General Medicine and Public Health (Unisante) in Switzerland noted that economically disadvantaged people sleep less for a variety of reasons. 

They may do several jobs, work in shifts, live in noisy environments, and have greater levels of emotional and financial stress. 

The study,  is the first to examine whether lack of sleep could partly explain why poor people have more heart disease. 

It found that short sleep explained 13.4 per cent of the link between occupation and coronary heart disease in men. 

"The absence of mediation by short sleep in women could be due to the weaker relationship between occupation and sleep duration compared to men," said the researcher.

The researchers noted that structural reforms are needed at every level of society to enable people to get more sleep. 

Attempts should be made to reduce noise, for example, which is an important source of sleep disturbance, with double glazed windows, limiting traffic, and not building houses next to airports or highways, they said. 

The study pooled data from eight groups totaling 1,11,205 participants from four European countries.
Socioeconomic status was classified as low, middle, or high according to father's occupation and personal occupation. 

History of coronary heart disease and stroke was obtained from clinical assessment, medical records, and self-report. 

Average sleep duration was self-reported and categorized as recommended or normal sleep -- 6 to 8.5 hours, short sleep (six hours), and long sleep -- more than 8.5 hours per night. 

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Wednesday, January 10, 2018

Can heart failure risk depend on where you live?

A new study suggests that the risk of developing heart failure also depends on where we live.
 
The research compared census tract data on socioeconomic deprivation - a clustering of neighborhood-level variables of wealth, education, occupation and housing patterns - and heart failure rates among 27,078 middle-aged whites and African-Americans from the Southeastern states.

Researchers grouped the participants (average age 55, 69 percent African-American, 63 percent women) in three groups ranging from the least-deprived to the most-deprived neighborhoods. During an average follow-up of more than five years, 4,300 participants were diagnosed with heart failure.

Researchers noted that residents living in more socioeconomically deprived areas were at the highest risk for heart failure. 

As neighborhood socioeconomic factors worsened between one group to the next, researchers noted a 12 percent increase in risk of heart failure. After adjusting for other factors, researchers say 4.8 percent of the variance in heart-failure risk was explained by neighborhood factors.

“There is existing evidence suggesting strong, independent associations between personal socioeconomic status - like education, income level and occupation - and risks of heart failure and many other chronic diseases,” said the study's co-senior author.

“But what this study adds is evidence suggesting that characteristics of your place of residence, actually also play a significant role in influencing the risk of heart failure over and above the role of your own individual socioeconomic characteristics,” she said. “It opens the door for possible interventions that center on preventive measures in the community.”

Study participants were from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) - an ongoing prospective investigation of cancer and other chronic conditions in a largely resource-limited, under-insured group of recruits in 12 Southeastern states.

More than 50 percent of the participants studied lived in the most deprived neighborhoods. Seventy percent of residents studied earned less than $15,000 a year. 

Researchers suggest residents may benefit most from improvements in community resources such as exercise facilities, healthy food outlets and medical facilities.

“Increased and improved access to community-level resources could mitigate cardiovascular disease risk factors like obesity, hypertension and diabetes,” said the first author of the study. 

“Improved community-level resources may ultimately reduce the risk of heart failure in these communities.”

The focus on public policy and prevention may have the greatest potential to mitigate the burden of cardiovascular disease and improve overall health, researchers said.

An accompanying editorial said this research adds an important aspect to our understanding of the role of neighborhood in health by focusing on low-income neighborhoods.

“By conducting this study in a predominantly low socioeconomic status (SES) population, the potential for bias from individual SES is reduced, allowing for a direct interpretation of associations of neighborhood aspects with heart failure incidence,” the authors wrote.

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Friday, May 16, 2014

Parent's occupation linked to autism in kids

Children of parents who are in technical occupations are more likely to have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a more serious form of autism, a study suggested.

"Parent's occupation could be indicative of autistic-like behaviour and preferences and serve as another factor in a doctor's diagnosis of a child with suspected autism," said Aisha S. Dickerson, a researcher at the University of Texas Health Science Center in the US.

For the study, parents were divided into those who had more non-people-oriented jobs (technical) or more people-oriented jobs (non-technical).

Fathers who worked in engineering were two times as likely to have a child with ASD, the study said.

Those who worked in finance were four times more likely and those who worked in health care occupations, six times, to have a child with the autism spectrum.

There was no association to a mother's occupation.

However, children who had both parents in technical fields were at a higher risk of having a more serious form of autism, the researchers noted. 
    

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