Traffic exhaust found to increase risk of stroke

As the number of vehicles on roads is on a rise, so is the traffic. And this can elevate an individual's risk of getting a stroke even in low-pollution environments.

Yes, high levels of traffic exhaust at one's residence increases the risk of stroke, according to a study.

Researchers in the study suggested that it is mainly black carbon from traffic exhaust responsible for causing stroke and not particulate meter emanating from other sources.

Black carbon is the sooty black material emitted from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants and other fuels. In city environments, emissions come mainly from road traffic.

These particles have previously been linked to negative health effects, especially in studies of heavily polluted environments.

Researchers have shown that long-term exposure to traffic exhaust at the residential address increases the risk of stroke in Swedish towns.

This study identifies local traffic exhaust as a risk factor for stroke, a common disease with great human suffering, high mortality and significant costs to society, said a lead researcher.

We see that these emissions have consequences even in low-pollution environments, he added.

Researchers followed 115,000 middle-aged healthy individuals living in 3 big cities of Sweden over a period of 20 years.

During this time, some 3,100 of the people suffered a stroke.

With the help of dispersion models and emission inventories, the researchers were able to estimate how much different local emission sources, including from traffic exhaust, road wear and residential heating, contributed to particulate matter and black carbon at specific addresses in these cities.

They found that for every 0.3 mcg per cubic meter ( mg/m3) of black carbon from traffic exhaust, the risk of stroke increased by 4 %.

Similar associations were not seen for black carbon emitted from residential heating or for particulate matter in general, neither from inhalable particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less )PM10) or from particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5).

Black carbon from  traffic exhaust could be an important measure to consider when assessing air quality and health consequences, he opined.

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Drinking Diet Drinks May Increase The Risk Of Strokes In Post-Menopausal Women

According to a recent study, it was found that drinking diet drinks could possibly increase the risk of having a stroke among post-menopausal women. Caused by a blocked artery, especially small arteries, stroke can turn out to be life-threatening. The association was found after drawing a comparison between women who consumed diet drinks less than once a week or not at all. The study was conducted on 81,714 post-menopausal women aged 50-79 years.

As per the findings of the study, women who drank two or more artificially sweetened beverages per day were 23 percent more likely to have a stroke, 31 percent more likely to have ischemic stroke, and 29 percent were at risk of developing heart disease (fatal or non-fatal heart attack). In addition, there was a 16 percent risk of deaths from any cause.

Apart from this, the risk of stroke doubled in women without previous heart disease or diabetes and obese women without previous heart disease or diabetes.

"Many well-meaning people, especially those who are overweight or obese, drink low-calorie sweetened drinks to cut calories in their diet. Our research and other observational studies have shown that artificially-sweetened beverages may not be harmless and high consumption is associated with a higher risk of stroke and heart disease," said lead author.

However, the results in post-menopausal women may not be generalisable to men or younger women.
"The American Heart Association suggests water as the best choice for a no-calorie beverage," suggested a researcher.
 
"Since long-term clinical trial data are not available on the effects of low-calorie sweetened drinks and cardiovascular health, given their lack of nutritional value, it may be prudent to limit their prolonged use," he added.

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