Air pollution may lower ‘good’ cholesterol increasing heart disease risk

Exposure to higher levels of air pollution may increase cardiovascular disease risk by lowering levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), commonly known as “good” cholesterol, says a study.

Higher exposure to black carbon, a marker of traffic-related pollution, is significantly associated with a lower “good” cholesterol level, showed the findings published in the journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. The lower levels of HDL observed with high levels of air pollution “may put individuals at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease down the line,” said lead author Griffith Bell from the University of Washington School of Public Health in Seattle.

In the study of 6,654 middle-aged and older US adults from diverse ethnic backgrounds, participants living in areas with high levels of traffic-related air pollution tended to have lower HDL levels. Higher particulate matter exposure over three months was associated with a lower HDL particle number, the researchers said.

Changes in HDL levels may already appear after brief and medium-length exposures to air pollution, the authors noted. Men and women responded to air pollutants differently. While HDL was lower at higher pollution exposure for both sexes, but the magnitude was greater in women.

The findings are part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an ongoing US study examining the lifestyle factors that predict development of cardiovascular disease.

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Tooth cavities increase heart disease risk

Taking better care of your teeth can also help you lower the risk of heart diseases, suggests a new study.

The researchers have found that common oral infections which are caused by the bacteria in our mouth are linked to cardiovascular diseases.

The most common oral infections are cavities and periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are chronic inflammatory diseases that slowly and steadily destroy the supporting structures of multiple teeth.

"Given the high prevalence of oral infections, any risk they contribute to future cardiovascular disease is important to public health," said senior author Thomas Van Dyke of the Forsyth Institute, affiliated with the Harvard School of Dental Medicine.

Inflammation plays a major role both in oral infections such as periodontitis and in cardiovascular disease, the study noted.

"Unravelling the role of the oral microbiome and inflammation in cardiovascular disease will likely lead to new preventive and treatment approaches," Van Dyke said.

The (oral) microbiome refers to the totality of microorganisms in a body part-in this case the mouth.
For the study, the researchers reviewed current clinical evidence supporting a link between oral infections and heart disease and found that oral infections, particularly periodontitis, and stroke, especially among men and younger individuals, are tied.

However, the researchers cautioned that certain over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs can produce significant cardiovascular side effects, which means it is crucial to consider alternative therapies.

"New discoveries of natural pathways that resolve inflammation have offered many opportunities for revealing insights into disease pathogenesis and for developing new pharmacologic targets for the treatment of both oral infections and cardiovascular disease," Van Dyke pointed out.

The study appeared in the journal Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism.

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