Poor motor skills might predict if autistic child is at language disability risk

The fine motor skills autistic children exhibit while eating, writing or even buttoning their shirt, might seem trivial but can act as a strong predictor to identify if they're at risk of developing lasting language disabilities, suggests a new study.

The association between fine motor skills and autistic child's language development was found in a study published  recently.

In an American sample of language-delayed children with autism, researchers found that nearly half had extremely delayed fine motor skills.

Of this group, 77.5% who had extremely delayed motor skills continued to have language disabilities in later childhood or young adulthood. By contrast, 69.6 % of children who demonstrated less impaired fine motor skills overcame their language delays by late childhood or young adulthood.

In a 2nd study of Canadian children with autism, researchers found that those with extremely delayed fine motor skills made fewer gains in expressive language.

Language development is complex. Many interventions for young children with autism focus on language intervention or social skills, said the lead researcher.

The researchers analysed data from existing studies that used different standardised developmental tests to assess fine motor skills through tasks that require children to manipulate small objects, such as picking up Cheerios or stacking small blocks.

The 1st analyses focused on 86 children with autism recruited to an American study from before their 2nd birthday to age 19. The replication study was conducted using data from a Canadian study that followed 181 children with autism from 2-4 years of age, until age 10.


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What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), an unusual genetic disorder that leaves one constantly hungry.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a debilitating condition that occurs in roughly 1 out of every 15,000 births. A nonprofit dedicated to PWS defines it as “a complex genetic disorder affecting appetite, growth, metabolism, cognitive function, and behavior.” The condition is marked by a dysfunction of the hypothalamus, which regulates hunger.

Scientists have narrowed down the cause of the condition to an abnormality of chromosome 15 but have yet to determine what sparks the abnormality in the first place.

The first signs of PWS begin in infancy, with weak muscles, difficulty feeding, and delayed development. By early childhood, the condition begins to manifest as an insatiable appetite, which often leads to overeating and, in turn, early-onset obesity. As people with PWS get older, they often experience intellectual disabilities (either mild or moderate) and exhibit specific characteristics such as small hands and feet, a narrow forehead, and short stature.

Due to their insatiable appetite, people with PWS are more likely to develop type II diabetes and to experience other obesity-related health conditions. According to the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research, the condition can be diagnosed through a blood test at birth, and early treatments such as human growth hormone (which people with PWS are deficient in) can help.

But as with many rare genetic disorders, scientists are still working to fully understand PWS. As it stands now, controlling the desire to overeat remains the biggest obstacle to a normal life.

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