Effective Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate gland, which is situated located below the bladder, directly in front of the rectum. Considered the most prevalent form of cancer in American men with roughly 162,000 new cases diagnosed each year, However, prostate cancer is quite treatable, particularly if caught early. Of course, as with any cancer, treatment course for prostate cancer will depend on the tumor size, cancer stage, as well as the overall health of the patient.

Here are the most common treatment options for prostate cancer:
1. Watch and wait
low-risk prostate cancers that are diagnosed early may not require treatment at all. In fact, many doctors opt to “watch and wait”, which refers to surveilling the cancer progression regularly with regular rectal exams, blood tests, and biopsies before more invasive steps (i.e., surgery) are taken. This is common in cases where cancer is located in a small area and patients of older age aren’t experiencing any symptoms.

2. Surgery
Surgery for prostate cancer is known as a radical prostatectomy, which consists of removing the prostate gland. Radical prostatectomy is rather “radical” indeed, as doctors perform the surgery using a hand controlled console that guides a mechanical robot to make a precise incision in the patient’s abdomen to remove the prostate gland. Radical prostatectomy does carry a risk of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction following surgery.

3. Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy can be used as as effective way to prevent the body from producing testosterone, which can kill or slow the further growth of prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy is commonly used in early stage prostate cancer cases to shrink tumors prior to other treatments, or to shrink later stage cancers. This therapy calls on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (or LH-RH) agonists to stop the testicles from producing testosterone, or anti-androgens to block testosterone from reaching 
cancerous cells.

4. Biological therapy
Biological therapy is a form of immunotherapy that genetically engineers the patient’s own immune cells to kill their prostate cancer. The cells are lab engineered then injected back into the body to improve and decrease the cancer.

5. Radiation and chemo
Radiation therapy aims high-powered radiation rays directly at cancer cells in order to destroy them. Chemotherapy, is often used via an injection to stop the spread of rapidly growing cancer cells that have metastasized to other areas of the body.

6. Cryosurgery
Also known as cryoablation, this prostate cancer treatment involves freezing prostate tissue in order to kill cancer cells. Cryosurgery inserts a series of tiny needles are inserted into the prostate and emits a cold gas to freeze cancer cells and surrounding tissues. Next, a heated gas is emitted to reheat the same tissues.

7. Proton Beam Radiation

This special kind of radiation therapy uses very small particles to attack and kill cancer cells that haven't spread.

8.Immunotherapy

This treatment works with your immune system to fight the disease. It’s used to treat advanced prostate cancer.

9. Bisphosphonate Therapy

If the disease reaches your bones, these drugs can ease pain and prevent fractures.

10. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

This device produces sound waves that deliver heat energy to kill cancer cells. It’s unclear how well it works, as it hasn’t yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.

11. Prostate Cancer Vaccine

Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine  gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you’ve tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don’t know if it stops or slows down the cancer’s growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.

Are There Side Effects?

The treatments for prostate cancer also can affect your body in other ways. Side effects can include:

• Bowel problems
• Lower sex drive
• Erectile dysfunction
  
• Loss of your ability to get a woman pregnant
• Leaky bladder or loss of bladder control. You might also need to pee a lot more often.

Side effects are another thing to think about when you’re choosing a treatment. If they’re too tough to handle, you might want to change your approach. Talk to your doctor about what you can expect. He can also help you find ways to manage your side effects.

What Else Should You Consider?

Remember, you have options, and it’s important to choose the one that works best for you. When choosing a treatment, think about:

• The risks. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of each type of therapy.
• The side effects. Consider whether or not you’re willing to deal with how the treatment might make you feel.
• Whether or not you need it. Not all men with prostate cancer need to be treated right away.
• Your age and overall health. For older men or those with other serious health conditions, treatment may be less appealing than watchful waiting.

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Cervical cancer: What are the various treatment options?

Cervical cancer kills over 33,000 Indian women every year. We singly account for 27% of the world’s deaths due to cervical cancer. Because of the dormant nature of the human papillomavirus and our society’s norm not to talk about it thousands of women get infected without even knowing they could. 

Here are some of the treatment options for cervical cancer:
Precancerous changes in the cervix may be treated with cryosurgery, laser surgery. These methods, howeverare not used to treat invasive cancer. Cryosurgery is a method in which a metal probe is cooled with liquid nitrogen and placed directly on the cervix. This freezes the abnormal cells and thus kills them. Laser surgery involved vapourising abnormal cells with a focused laser beam, directed through the vagina. This method is also used to remove a small piece of tissue for study.

The treatment options for women with cervical cancer are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of two or more of these methods. The choice of treatment depends mainly on how big your lesion is, whether your cancer has spread and whether you would like to become pregnant someday.
With surgery, the tissue that may contain cancer cells is removed. Surgery is an option for women with Stage I or II cervical cancer.

• Radical trachelectomy: This option is for women with small tumors who plan a pregnancy later on. It allows them to be treated without losing their ability to have children. The surgeon removes the cervix, part of the vagina and the lymph nodes in the pelvis.
• Hysterectomy: In total hysterectomy the cervix and uterus are removed. In radical hysterectomy, the cervix, some tissue around the cervix, the uterus and part of the vagina are removed. Women no longer have menstrual periods after a hysterectomy and cannot become pregnant. Menopause occurs at once when the ovaries are removed. More severe symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, etc.) are experienced by surgery induced menopause. Discuss this with your doctor before surgery. Some drugs help with these symptoms and may be more effective if started before surgery.

Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is an option for women with any stage of cervical cancer. It also may be used after surgery to destroy any remnant cancer cells in the area. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used if the cancer extends beyond the cervix. Radiation aimed at the pelvic area can harm the ovaries. It may also help to know that if you want to get pregnant after radiation therapy there are ways to preserve your eggs before treatment starts.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. In cervical cancer treatment, chemotherapy is usually combined with radiation therapy. Chemotherapy alone may be used for cancer that has spread to distant organs.
After the treatment
Have regular check-ups after treatment for cervical cancer. Check-ups may include a physical exam, Pap tests and chest x-rays. Any changes in your health are noted during check-ups and treated if needed. Your doctor will check for the recurrence of cancer. You may be relieved to finish treatment, but find it hard not to worry about recurrence. It may take a while before you learn to live with this uncertainty. Don’t lose heart. Many cancer survivors have and are living full lives.

It’s important for you to eat well and stay as active as you can. However, you may not feel like eating during or soon after treatment. Foods may not taste as good as they used to. In addition, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting or mouth sores as a result of side effects of treatment can make it hard to eat well. People with cancer feel better when they stay active. Walking, swimming, yoga, and other activities can increase your energy and keep you strong. Exercise relieves stress and may reduce nausea and pain.

Prognosis of cervical cancer
When followed up and treated properly, pre-cancerous conditions of cervical cancer are completely curable. There is 92% chance of  a five-year survival for cancer that has spread to the inside of the cervix walls but not outside the cervix area. The five-year survival rate falls steadily as the cancer spreads into other areas.

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Chinese oncologist offers cryosurgical procedure for cancer treatment

A Chinese oncologist today outlined some new techniques for cancer treatment which are now available in some hospitals in the US and in China. 

Mu Feng, Vice-President, Senior Oncologist and Cryosurgery expert, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, China, said cryosurgery is one such option for treatment of localised cancers. 

He explained that cryosurgery is a relatively new technique and extremely useful in freezing and killing abnormal cells. Tried in the case of prostrate cancer initially, this technique has proved to be extremely successful in localised cancers. 

The surgery involves infusion of extreme cold of about minus 160 degree Celsius at the affected site. This freezes the affected area and destroys the abnormal cells. They then get fully dissolved, he said.

During his visit to Hyderabad, he interacted with mediapersons to highlight how cryosurgery has emerged as one of the new approaches for treatment but cannot be applied in treatment of brain tumours and blood cancer cases. 

He said the traditional approach of treatment of cancers is based on surgical procedures when it is localised one and where it is possible to perform the surgery. In other cases, chemotherapy is performed and the other approach is radiation process. The latter are also painful, resulting in a number of side-effects on the patient. 

Therefore, he said one could consider the cryosurgical ablation process and also seed knife therapy or a combination of both. In the case of the seed knife process, isotopes are induced in the affected area to attack the cancerous portion. 

He said they have the facility to treat patients in their hospital in China where Indians can get themselves treated. However, he said, talks are at a preliminary stage with some of the Indian hospitals to offer similar procedures. 

 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.








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