Here’s how sleep deprivation affects your performance

Sleep deprivation affects us much more than prior theories have suggested, say researchers, adding that it impacts place-keeping - or, the ability to complete a series of steps without losing one’s place, despite potential interruptions.

“Our research showed that sleep deprivation doubles the odds of making place-keeping errors and triples the number of lapses in attention, which is startling,” said study researcher Kimberly Fenn from Michigan State University in the US.

“Sleep-deprived individuals need to exercise caution in absolutely everything that they do, and simply can’t trust that they won’t make costly errors. Oftentimes - like when behind the wheel of a car - these errors can have tragic consequences,” Fenn added.

For the study, the researchers recruited 138 people to participate in the overnight sleep assessment; 77 stayed awake all night and 61 went home to sleep. 

All participants took two separate cognitive tasks in the evening: one that measured reaction time to a stimulus; the other measured a participant’s ability to maintain their place in a series of steps without omitting or repeating a step - even after sporadic interruptions. 

The participants then repeated both tasks in the morning to see how sleep-deprivation affected their performance.

After being interrupted there was a 15 per cent error rate in the evening and we saw that the error rate spiked to about 30 per cent for the sleep-deprived group the following morning. The rested participants’ morning scores were similar to the night before.

There are some tasks people can do on auto-pilot that may not be affected by a lack of sleep,” Fenn said. 

However, sleep deprivation causes widespread deficits across all facets of life. 

“Our findings debunk a common theory that suggests that attention is the only cognitive function affected by sleep deprivation,” said study researcher Michelle Stepan.

“Some sleep-deprived people might be able to hold it together under routine tasks, like a doctor taking a patient’s vitals,” Stepan said.

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Pregnant women learn to relax: Stress can affect the mental health of your child

Stressing out too much during pregnancy can cause long-lasting changes in the microbiome of the foetus, leading to anxiety and learning difficulty in them later, warn researchers.

In a recent study, the team of researchers at The Ohio State University, found that when pregnant mice were exposed to stress, it appeared to change the makeup of the bacteria in both their guts and placentas, as well as in the intestinal tracts of their female offspring.

Markers of inflammation increased in the placenta, the foetal brain and the adult brain of the offspring while a supportive protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreased. And these microbial changes lasted into adulthood.

The mice were more anxious, they spent more time in dark, closed spaces and they had a harder time learning cognitive tasks even though they were never stressed after birth, the researchers said.
Further, the female offspring of the stressed mice showed a lower ability to learn and higher anxiety-like behaviour compared to the offspring of non-stressed mother mice.

“Microbes from a mother’s gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts are the first to colonise in a developing foetus and newborns,” said led researcher Tamar Gur, Assistant Professor at Ohio State.
“That makes the bacteria an interesting potential explanation of why and how stress before an animal or person is born could prompt mental illness that can last a lifetime,” Gur added.

The study was presented at Neuroscience 2016, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego, recently.
 

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