Obesity at younger age? Bariatric surgery may help

Researchers have found that surgical treatment of obesity is as effective for individuals who developed the disorder early, by the age of 20, as for those who have developed obesity later in life.

The results, published in the journal Diabetes Care, are based on data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.

For the fndings, the researchers covered a total of 4,026 adult individuals who had developed obesity. Half of them had undergone bariatric surgery and the other half were a control group.

“We were somewhat surprised at the results. Since the group that had already developed obesity by the age of 20 had been exposed to obesity and its risks for longer periods, we’d expected that bariatric surgical treatment in these participants would be less effective in terms of weight loss and obesity-related sequelae than in the other group. But it wasn’t like that,” said study researcher Johanna Andersson Assarsson from University of Gothenburg in Sweden.

Each of the groups was divided into three subgroups, based on the participants’ body mass index (BMI) at age 20: those of normal weight, those who were overweight, and those with obesity.
The researchers then investigated whether there was any difference in the effects of bariatric treatment for obesity among those who had developed the disorder before age 20, compared with those who developed it later in life.

“On the contrary, the group with obesity at age 20 lost a little bit more weight after the operation, and there was no difference in effects on diabetes or its complications, cardiovascular disease or cancer, compared with individuals who developed obesity later in life,” Assarsson said.

According to the researchers, for many diseases, early treatment is advantageous, but individuals with early-onset obesity have often had their disorder for a long time before bariatric surgery is considered.

It has sometimes been speculated that bariatric surgical treatment would be less effective in these individuals because of their longer exposure to the adverse health effects of obesity.

“Here, we show that’s not the case. And we think it’s important that this information reaches people considering bariatric surgery for obesity and also health professionals who treat patients with obesity,” Assarsson said.

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Sports can help kids in fighting emotional distress

Parents, please take note. Kids who engage in organised physical activity at a young age are less likely to have emotional difficulties later in life, says a study.

Besides keeping children from being sedentary, physical activities such as structured sports have the potential to be enriching, both physically and mentally, said the study.

“The elementary school years are a critical time in child development, and every parent wants to raise a well-adjusted child,” said study lead author.

For the study, the researchers took data from a cohort of children born in 1997 or 1998. They examined whether consistent participation in organised sport from ages six to 10 would minimize risks associated with emotional distress, anxiety, shyness, and social withdrawal at age 12.

“The results revealed that children who participated consistently from ages six to 10 showed fewer instances of those factors at age 12 than their counterparts who did not engage in physical activity in a consistent way,” said the researcher.

“Getting kids actively involved in organised sport seems to promote global development. This involvement appears to be good on a socio-emotional level and not just because of physical benefits,” he added.

Being less emotionally distressed at the juncture between elementary and high school is a priceless benefit for children as they are about to enter a much larger universe with bigger academic challenges, said the researcher.

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Practice meditation to beat rising stress levels

Gone are the days when you could get away with the excuse of a hectic day at work to avoid meditation.

A team of two scientists have provided some handy tips to help the people- to regularly do meditation in order to beat the stress levels.

Various past studies have shown that the high stress levels could lead to array of health issues, including high blood pressure and various other cardiovascular diseases.

The Psychological Association study suggested that the stress levels among the American natives have been increasing for the first time in ten years, reports a news agency.

Further, there are numerous studies suggesting that meditation could help in relieving anxiety and reducing stress levels, further reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

"Real people living busy lives can meditate successfully on their seven-year-old couch, in bed alone or next to their snoring partner, in the passenger seat of their car, at work, at the kitchen table, in the backseat during a road trip, in a bus or a plane seat, said a researcher.

"And that's as it should be, because if you are waiting to find yourself atop a cliff-side or in a white, sparsely furnished room in order to feel like you can meditate, you're only going to meditate sporadically, and you're going to mistakenly conclude that what little benefit you are able to derive from your practically is magically linked to your serene environment which couldn't be further from the truth", he added.

Further a founder of a Ziva Meditation center highlighted the benefits and ease of practicing meditation.

"It feels just as delicious to drop into a meditation when you are feeling blissed out on a pillow with soft lighting as it does sitting at your desk at 2 pm right as your morning coffee wear off," said another researcher.

Researchers further suggested some techniques to start out with meditation.
- Start Practicing
The researcher recommends meditation for 15 to 20 minutes right in the beginning of your day. One must sit upright with back relaxed and shoulders not withdrawn backward. Your hands and feet must be at ease and one could stretch the legs out in front. Set a timer and close your eyes.

- Allow all thoughts
The practitioner must not try to instantly fall into a state of complete meditation. Unwanted thoughts and distractions are a part and parcel of the meditation process; rather remember all kinds of thoughts come through your way. Do not try to control your meditation.

- Practice at your ease
The more consistently you meditate, the more mindful you will become, says Fletcher. He added, "Do your meditations whenever and wherever you can fit them in ten minutes is better than zero minutes". One researcher defines meditation as allowing the luxury to think about everything and nothing at the same time. This shall be accompanied with a slight to heavy feeling of forgetfulness.

- Catch your Breath
A researcher further mentions of Balancing Breath or alternate nostril breathing, which in Indian context is known as 'Anulom Vilom' as a warm up to meditation. It helps to balance the right and left hemispheres of the brain and has immediate energising and calming effects.

Another technique, suggested by the researcher, is called 2X Breath. This involves breathing in for two counts through the nostrils and out through the mouth for four counts.

- Feel the moment
The researcher, further mentions of 'Come to your senses' that could be easily done at all places. It involves closing your eyes and tuning into what your senses are experiencing one at a time.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    

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Loss of a Father Causes Stress That can be Measured on the Cellular Level

It is no surprise that losing one’s father has many negative consequences for children. Whether divorce, incarceration, or death is the cause, it can result in emotional, behavioral and physical problems that can be observed but have not been evaluated on a biological level. New research aims to address that; scientists found evidence that losing a father can cause a shortening of telomeres, the caps that protect the ends of chromosomes.

It is thought that telomeres are related to health and cellular aging. Every time a cell divides, its telomeres get a little shorter, and cells will cease dividing after they get too short. Research has suggested that shortened telomeres are linked to diseases like cancer. Now, this work has indicated that at age nine, children who had lost their father had 14 percent shorter telomeres on average compared to children who still had their father.

The  author of the work and his team, analyzed data gathered -based effort has physical, mental and cultural data on around 5,000 children born in major cities  around the turn of the last century.

The investigators took various types of loss into account: separation or divorce, incarceration, and death, as well as when it occurred. Other pressures on telomere length were also considered, using data collected by interviews with mothers when children were one, three, five and nine years old.

It was found that any loss happening between birth and nine years causes a telomere length reduction in children. The effect was most pronounced for kids whose dads had died, in which telomeres were able 16 percent shorter. "The father is being removed from the life of the child and that is plausibly associated with an increase in stress, for both economic and emotional reasons," explained  a Professor.

While race and ethnicity did not play any role, this effect seemed to be worse for boys than for girls, and especially for boys who lost their father before age five. Most strikingly, said he, was that this phenomenon is influenced by genetic variants of the serotonin transporter system. When a child carried a less reactive variant, there was a 90 percent reduction in the effect seen in children with the most reactive variants. Therefore, a child’s genotype could be protecting them from this type of cellular stress.

This work has implications for public policy if considered. "The fact that there is an actual measurable biological outcome that is related to the absence of a father makes more credible the urgency of public policy efforts to maintain contact between children and fathers," the Prof. stressed. "If you understand that, for example, punishing a father by incarceration may have an indelible effect not only on the psyche and development of the child, but also on the ability of the child's chromosomes to maintain their integrity, then perhaps you had better understand the importance of measures to mitigate the effects of incarceration" such as educational or psychological help for children, according to the Prof.

"The importance of these findings for research on the social sources of health -- and health disparities -- can hardly be overstated," noted  an Associate Prof.

"By showing that three causes of paternal absence decrease telomere length, a core biological indicator of health, the authors are able to provide insight into a direct biological channel through which paternal absence could affect the health of their children," the Prof. continued. "Moreover, because each of these causes of paternal absence [is] unequally distributed in the population, these findings have important implications for how we think about health disparities "

"We all know that resources are limited and are becoming more limited," he said. "But by understanding that a social and familial phenomenon -- the loss of a father -- has biological effects which are plausibly linked with the future well-being of a child, we now have a rationale for prioritizing resource allocations to the children who are most vulnerable."

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