Breast cancer gene not linked to higher risk of death

Young women with the BRCA gene mutation that prompted an actress pre-emptive and much-publicised double mastectomy are not more likely to die after a breast cancer diagnosis, scientists said.

In fact, they may have a "survival advantage" over non-carriers if diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, a form that is particularly hard to treat, a team wrote in the journal.

"Women diagnosed with early breast cancer who carry a BRCA mutation are often offered double mastectomies soon after their diagnosis or chemotherapy treatment" compared to non-mutation carriers, study co-author said in a statement.

"Our findings suggest that this surgery does not have to be immediately undertaken along with the other treatment."

According to the doctors, women with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have a seven-in-10 chance of getting breast cancer by the age of 80. They are also more likely to get it at a younger age than other women.

In 2013, a Hollywood star announced she had had both breasts surgically removed as a preventative measure after tests revealed she carried the mutation, despite not having been diagnosed with cancer.

For the new study, the team recruited 2,733 women aged 18-40 who had been diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2008.

Twelve percent of the women had a BRCA mutation.

The team tracked the women's medical records for an average period of just over eight years, and found that 651 of 678 total deaths were due to breast cancer.

"The study found that there was no difference in overall survival two, five or ten years after diagnosis for women with and without a BRCA mutation," a press statement said.

In a subgroup of women with triple-negative breast cancer, those with a BRCA mutation had slightly higher survival rates for the first two years after diagnosis.

"In light of their findings the authors suggest that women with triple-negative breast cancer and a BRCA mutation who choose to delay additional surgery for 1-2 years to recover from their initial treatment should be reassured that this is unlikely to affect their long-term survival," the statement said.

"However, risk-reducing surgery will still likely be beneficial for BRCA mutation carriers to prevent another new breast or ovarian cancer from developing in the longer term." While only about five percent of breast cancers are diagnosed in women younger than 40, a high proportion of deaths fall in this age category.

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Scientist find end-around method to stop triple-negative breast cancer

A team of scientists has found a new target for triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer, which is a particularly aggressive and difficult-to-treat form, earns its name because, unlike other breast cancer subtypes, its cells test negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as for a gene called HER2. Therefore, it cannot respond to therapies that inhibit cancer-growing signals that come from estrogen, progesterone and HER2.

The only treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, each of which cause difficult side effects and rarely lead to remission.

Triple-negative breast cancer is also highly variable from patient to patient and even among tumour cells of a single patient, making it difficult to understand and treat. Other breast cancer subtypes are homogeneous, more predictable and treatable.

The researchers are working to study this variability and find an end-around method to stop triple-negative breast cancer, by seeking out unknown or little-understood routes toward shutting down uncoordinated growth.

"We're interested in the variability that's characteristic of triple-negative breast cancer," said the author . "We believe this variability gives clues to how the cancer arises, and clues to treatment possibilities that would exploit the way the tumors are regulated or misregulated as the cells communicate with each other.

The study detailed a possible way to reengage a tumor suppressor protein - Growth Differentiation Factor 11, or GDF11, that they found to be inactivated in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

"Instead of trying to find and target hormones or genes that might promote growth of these tumor cells, as has been successful for other cancer types, we are focusing on a protein in triple-negative tumor cells that normally should inhibit abnormal cell growth, but has been disengaged," he said.

Researchers have found that GDF11 does not mature properly into a bioactive tumor suppressor, as it should normally do, but instead accumulates within cells in a "pre-active" state.

"This is an exciting realization," he said, "because we now can look for ways to remobilize the GDF11 precursor and reengage its normal tumor suppressive activity wherever triple-negative cancer cells reside in the body.

"We're still early in this investigation, but it may be a step in the right direction for getting a handle on ways to target this very difficult to treat breast cancer subtype."


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Eating celery, broccoli can improve treatment of breast cancer

Researchers from the University of Missouri found that a natural compound, Luteolin, found in herbs such as thyme and parsley and vegetables such as celery and broccoli, can reduce the risk of developing metastasis originating from triple-negative breast cancer in women.
The findings indicate that Luteolin, a naturally occurring, non-toxic plant compound that has been proven effective against several types of cancer.
"Triple-negative breast cancers are cancer cells that lack three receptors targeted by current chemotherapy regimens. Because of this lack of receptors, common cancer drugs can't 'find' the cells, and doctors must treat the cancer with extremely aggressive and highly toxic treatment strategies," said Salman Hyder from the College of Veterinary Medicine and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.
"Women with this type of breast cancer also frequently develop metastatic lesions that originate from drug-resistant cells. Therefore, safer therapeutic therapies that are more effective are being sought for this deadly type of cancer in women," Hyder added.
The team tested Luteolin to determine if it could suppress metastasis, using human triple-negative breast cancer cells grown in mice.
In the first series of tests, they found that Luteolin inhibited the metastasis of triple-negative cancer in the lungs of affected mice. 

"Mice exposed to human triple-negative breast cancer cells experienced significantly reduced metastastic growth in their lungs after being treated with Luteolin," Hyder stated.

"In almost every case, the mice also saw no weight loss, which means luteolin has no toxic effects; this plant compound is both safe and effective," Hyder explained.

They found that Luteolin inhibits that migration and can also kill cancer cells. 

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Vegetable-derived compound useful for treating triple-negative breast cancer

Researchers including one of Indian origin have developed a new compound from a rich source in vegetables including broccoli and brussel sprouts to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

TNBC is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer - it grows faster, spreads to other parts of the body earlier, is harder to detect on a mammogram and recurs more often.

Mandip Sachdeva and Chandraiah Godugu from Florida A and M University in collaboration with Stephen Safe from Texas A and M University have evaluated the activity of novel C-substituted diindolylmethane (C-DIM) derivatives and demonstrated that they have superior anticancer activities.

Sachdeva's study reveals that these synthetic compounds derived from diindolylmethane (DIM), commonly found in various types of cruciferous vegetables, can be used to treat several types of cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer.

C-DIMs are also being investigated for their cancer prevention activity.

"Targeted treatment options for TNBC are limited; current treatments, such as infusions, result in poor patient compliance and increased toxicity," Sachdeva said.

"We are confident that the compounds we are currently working with are an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. These compounds are safer for the patient than current treatments available," Sachdeva added.

In contrast to existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds are orally active, so they could be available to patients in pill form and safe to take daily.

When taken in combination with existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds can effectively decrease the number of treatments a patient receives.