Sunday, December 29, 2019

Protein that fights plant bacteria identified

A team from the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) has identified a new plant‐bacterial interaction which renders the plant to be resistant to bacterial infection. 

The bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causes a bacterial blight infection in rice. This infection is fatal for rice crops, and farmers could lose up to 60% of their crops owing to this disease.
Dr Ramesh V Sonti, along with senior scientist Dr Hitendra K Patel and research scholar Sohini Deb, studied the interplay of the interactions of these effector molecules and their role in the rice plant.


They found that a bacterial effector, named XopQ, suppresses rice immune responses by interacting with certain members of a class of proteins in the rice plant cells, known as the 14‐3‐3 proteins. In an interesting experiment, they altered the sequence of the effector protein at one particular position. 


Consequently, they found that this mutant form of the bacterial effector protein, is now unable to suppress the plant immune responses. Instead, it makes the plant resistant to bacterial infection, by interaction with another different 14‐3‐3 protein. 


Understanding the molecular players in plant immune response pathway offers new ways of blocking the bacterial hijack as well as strengthening the defence responses of the plant cells. Findings of the study have been published in the journal of 'Molecular Plant Pathology,' a publication of the British Society for Plant Pathology. 



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Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Distinct' stomach cancer identified in younger patients

Many people under 60 who develop stomach cancer have a "genetically and clinically distinct" disease, new research has found.

Compared to stomach cancer in older adults, this new, early-onset form often grows and spreads more quickly, has a worse prognosis, and is more resistant to traditional chemotherapy treatments, said the study published in the journal Surgery.

While rates of stomach cancer in older patients have been declining for decades, this early onset of cancer is increasing and now makes up more than 30 per cent of stomach cancer diagnoses.

"I think this is an alarming trend, as stomach cancer is a devastating disease," said senior author Travis Grotz, a surgical oncologist at Mayo Clinic in the US.

The research team studied 75,225 cases using several cancer databases to review stomach cancer statistics from 1973 to 2015.

Today, the average age of someone diagnosed with stomach cancer is 68, but people in their 30s, 40s and 50s are more at risk than they used to be.

"Typically, we see stomach cancer being diagnosed in patients in their 70s, but increasingly we are seeing 30- to 50-year-old patients being diagnosed," Grotz said.

The increased rate of the early onset disease is not from earlier detection or screening, Grotz added.
"There is no universal screening for stomach cancer, and the younger patients actually presented with later-stage disease than the older patients," he said.

In addition to being more deadly, early onset stomach cancer is also genetically and molecularly distinct, researchers found.

Furthermore, traditional risk factors for developing stomach cancer among older people, such as smoking tobacco, did not appear to correlate with its early onset counterpart.

"Hopefully, studies like this will raise awareness and increase physician suspicion of stomach cancer, particularly in younger patients," Grotz said.

Younger patients who feel full before finishing a meal, or have reflux, abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss and difficulty eating should see their health care provider, he added.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement
 

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