Breast cancer likely in postmenopausal women with normal (BMI) but higher body fat

Postmenopausal women with normal body mass index (BMI) but higher body fat levels at the same time may be at an increased risk of breast cancer, suggests new research. BMI refers to the ratio of weight to height, but it is not an exact way to determine whole body fat levels, as muscle mass and bone density cannot be distinguished from fat mass. The researchers found that the risk of breast cancer increased by 35 per cent for each five kilogram increase in whole body fat, despite having a normal BMI. “Our findings show that the risk of invasive breast cancer is increased in postmenopausal women with normal BMI and higher levels of body fat, meaning that a large proportion of the population has an unrecognized risk of developing cancer,” said an oncologist.

The study noted that the level of physical activity was lower in women with higher amounts of body fat, which further suggested the necessity of physical activity not only for the overweight people but also in those who are not obese. For the study, the researchers analysed data from  an observational study that follows the health of postmenopausal women aged 50-79.

During the median 16 years of follow-up, study participants were assessed for the development of invasive breast cancer, and cancer cases were evaluated for estrogen receptor (ER) positivity. Of the 3,460 participants in the study, 182 developed invasive breast cancer during follow-up and 146 of these cases were ER-positive.

About 80 per cent of all breast cancers are believed to be ER-positive.

Analysing the data, the researchers found a link between the risk of breast cancer and higher whole body fat even in women with normal BMI.

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Six lifestyle choices can help women save hearts

Three-quarters of heart attacks in young women could be prevented if they closely followed six healthy lifestyle practices, researchers have found.

Healthy habits were defined as not smoking, a normal body mass index, physical activity of at least two and half hours per week, watching seven or fewer hours of television a week, consumption of a maximum of one alcoholic drink per day on an average, and a healthy diet.

"We wanted to find out what proportion of heart disease cases could be attributed to unhealthy habits," said lead author Andrea Chomistek, researcher at Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington.

For the study, the researchers followed nearly 70,000 women for two decades.

During 20 years of follow-up, 456 women had heart attacks and 31,691 women were diagnosed with one or more cardiovascular disease risk factors, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or high levels of blood cholesterol.

The researchers found that women who adhered to all six healthy lifestyle practices had a 92 percent lower risk of heart attack and a 66 percent lower risk of developing a risk factor for heart disease.

This lower risk would mean three quarters of heart attacks and nearly half of all risk factors in younger women may have been prevented if all of the women had adhered to all six healthy lifestyle factors, the authors said.

The findings appeared in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  

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