Musical Training Increases Blood Flow to the Left Side of the Brain

New research suggests that musical training can increase blood flow in the left hemisphere of the human brain.

The study by researchers at University of Liverpool shows that brain areas associated with learning and music share common neural pathways.

The small study included 14 musicians and nine non-musicians. Researchers looked at their brain while the participants completed tasks related to music or word generation.

Brain activity for both tasks was similar in musicians, but not in non-musicians, researchers found.

In another experiment, researchers looked at the brain activity pattern of a different set of non-musicians participants who completed the word reference and musical perception task.

The test was repeated after half an hour of musical training. Researchers found that even a brief period of musical training affects blood flow pathway in the brain.

"It was fascinating to see that the similarities in blood flow signatures could be brought about after just half an hour of simple musical training," said Amy Spray.

"This suggests that the correlated brain patterns were the result of using areas thought to be involved in language processing. Therefore we can assume that musical training results in a rapid change in the cognitive mechansims utilised for music perception and these shared mechanisms are usually employed for language," Dr Georg Mayer, Liverpool Psychologist, explained.

Previous research has shown that the brains of Jazz musicians have common brain circuitry for music and language. Related studies have shown that musicians are good at integrating sensory information such as touch, sight and hearing.

The latest study paper is called 'The effects of musical training on cerebral lateralization patterns- a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography study.'

 

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Brain hard-wired to link what we see with what we do

Scientists have found for the first time that our brain’s ability to instantly link what we see with what we do is down to a dedicated information ‘highway’.

Researchers from University College London and Cambridge University found a specialised mechanism for spatial self-awareness that combines visual cues with body motion.

Standard visual processing is prone to distractions, as it requires us to pay attention to objects of interest and filter out others.

The new study found that our brains have separate’hard-wired’ systems to visually track our own bodies, even if we are not paying attention to them.

In fact, the newly discovered network triggers reactions even before the conscious brain has time to process them.

The researchers tested 52 healthy adults in a series of three experiments. In all experiments, participants used robotic arms to control cursors on two-dimensional displays,where cursor motion was directly linked to hand movement.

Their eyes were kept fixed on a mark at the centre of the screen, confirmed with eye tracking.

In the first experiment, participants controlled two separate cursors with their left and right hands, both equally close to the centre.

Occasionally, the cursor or target on one side would jump left or right, requiring subjects to take corrective action.
Each jump was ‘cued’ with a flash on one side, this was random so did not always correspond to the side about to change.

People reacted faster to target jumps when their attention was drawn to the ‘correct’ side by the cue. However,reactions to cursor jumps were fast regardless of cuing,suggesting that a separate mechanism independent of attention is responsible for tracking our own movements.

“The first experiment showed us that we react very quickly to changes relating to objects directly under our own control, even when we are not paying attention to them,” said Dr Alexandra Reichenbach of the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, lead author of the study.

“This provides strong evidence for a dedicated neural pathway linking motor control to visual information,independently of the standard visual systems that are dependent on attention,” Reichenbach said.

The second experiment was similar to the first, but also introduced changes in brightness to demonstrate the attention effect on the visual perception system.

In the third experiment, participants had to guide one cursor to its target in the presence of up to four dummy targets and cursors, ‘distractors’, alongside the real ones.

In this experiment, responses to cursor jumps were less affected by distractors than responses to target jumps.

“These results provide further evidence of a dedicated’visuomotor binding’ mechanism that is less prone to distractions than standard visual processing,” said Reichenbach.

The newly discovered system could explain why some schizophrenia patients feel like their actions are controlled by someone else, researchers said.

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