Wednesday, April 11, 2018

Novel skin patch can end painful, finger-prick blood tests in diabetic patients

Scientists have developed an adhesive patch, which can non-invasively monitor glucose levels in diabetics through the skin, potentially spelling an end for frequent painful finger-prick blood tests.

The patch does not pierce the skin, instead it draws glucose out from fluid between cells across hair follicles, which are individually accessed via an array of miniature sensors using a small electric current.

The glucose collects in tiny reservoirs and is measured, according to  a study published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Readings can be taken every 10 to 15 minutes over several hours.

Due to the design of the array of sensors and reservoirs, the patch does not require calibration with a blood sample - meaning that finger prick blood tests are unnecessary.

Researchers  hope that it can eventually become a low-cost, wearable sensor that sends regular, clinically relevant glucose measurements to the wearer's phone or smartwatch wire-lessly, alerting them when they may need to take action.

The advantage of this device is that each miniature sensor of the array can operate on a small area over an individual hair follicle - this significantly reduces inter- and intra-skin variability in glucose extraction and increases the accuracy of the measurements taken such that calibration via a blood sample is not required.

"A non-invasive - that is, needle-less - method to monitor blood sugar has proven a difficult goal to attain," said the researcher.

"The closest that has been achieved has required either at least a single-point calibration with a classic 'finger-stick', or the implantation of a pre-calibrated sensor via a single needle insertion," said the researcher.

"The monitor developed  promises a truly calibration-free approach, an essential contribution in the fight to combat the ever-increasing global incidence of diabetes," he said.

"We utilised graphene as one of the components as it brings important advantages: specifically, it is strong, conductive, flexible, and potentially low-cost and environmentally friendly," said a researcher.


"In addition, our design can be implemented using high-throughput fabrication techniques like screen printing, which we hope will ultimately support a disposable, widely affordable device," she said.

In this study the team tested the patch on both pig skin, where they showed it could accurately track glucose levels across the range seen in diabetic human patients, and on healthy human volunteers, where again the patch was able to track blood sugar variations throughout the day.

The next steps include further refinement of the design of the patch to optimise the number of sensors in the array, to demonstrate full functionality over a 24-hour wear period, and to undertake a number of key clinical trials.


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Scientists have developed an adhesive patch, which can non-invasively monitor glucose levels in diabetics through the skin, potentially spelling an end for frequent painful finger-prick blood tests.

The patch does not pierce the skin, instead it draws glucose out from fluid between cells across hair follicles, which are individually accessed via an array of miniature sensors using a small electric current.

Scientists have developed an adhesive patch, which can non-invasively monitor glucose levels in diabetics through the skin, potentially spelling an end for frequent painful finger-prick blood tests.

The patch does not pierce the skin, instead it draws glucose out from fluid between cells across hair follicles, which are individually accessed via an array of miniature sensors using a small electric current.

The glucose collects in tiny reservoirs and is measured, according to  ..

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Sunday, February 28, 2016

Capsule-size pacemaker may hit markets by June

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 Slightly bigger than a matchstick, lighter than a two-rupee coin and wireless. Patients may get this pacemaker by the middle of this year. It will have the same efficiency as that of a conventional device, but is priced substantially higher than the existing ones.
But the world's smallest pacemaker will use an improved technology that will benefit cardiac patients in the long run and is bound to edge out the existing pacemakers that have a clumsy wiring, feel experts.

Recommended for people whose hearts are beating too slowly or irregularly , a pacemaker stimulates the heart muscle with precisely-timed discharges of electricity that cause the heart to beat in a manner similar to the natural heart rhythm.

The Micra Transcatheter Pacing System (TPS) -which could hit the market in June -is a miniaturized, self-contained device that is one-tenth the size of conventional pacemakers, yet delivers the most advanced pacing technology available to patients. "Besides being small, the implant has no wires and is one-tenth the size of a conventional pacemaker. The wires or `leads' in existing devices often turn cumbersome since they can't be taken out with the pacemaker and forms a clump near the heart. But with TPS, successive implants will become easier," said Atul Mathur, director of interventional Cardiology , Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi.


The new device will be the size of a vitamin capsule and can be implanted through a minimally invasive procedure. It will be delivered straight to the heart through a catheter via the femoral vein. This cuts out the need for incision and the pocket near the heart where a conventional pacemaker is lodged.

"Since there is no incision, the chances of complications arising from it are also eliminated. More importantly , patients can undergo full-body MRI scans with the implant, which are not permitted in case of the conventional devices," Mathur said.

But the cost may be a deterring factor. While existing pacemakers cost up to Rs 1.5 lakh, the TPS could be priced at Rs 2.5 lakh. But the price could come down over the next two years, felt experts.

"The size is an advantage, apart from the fact that since the technology will be advanced, it will pack in more features. In terms of efficiency, the existing pacemakers are good enough. But with time, smaller implants should have all the features of a multi-chambered pacemaker," said Debashish Saha, consult at AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake.

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