Researcher deveops eye lens that may spell the end of reading glasses

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A researcher in the UK is developing an adjustable artificial lens, made from the same material found in smartphone and TV screens, which could improve vision in older people with presbyopia  and cataracts.

As people age, their lenses lose flexibility and elasticity. This leads to a condition known as presbyopia, common in people over 45 years old, and can require optical aids, such as reading glasses. Devesh Mistry, a postgraduate research student in the School of Physics and Astronomy, is working with liquid crystal to create a truly adjustable artificial lens.

 "As we get older, the lens in our eye stiffens, when the muscles in the eye contract they can no longer shape the lens to bring close objects into focus," he said. "Using liquid crystals, which we probably know better as the material used in the screens of TVs and smartphones, lenses would adjust and focus automatically, depending on the eye muscles' movement," he added.

Using these liquid crystal-based materials, Mistry's research is developing synthetic replacements for the diseased lens in the eye - a new generation of lenses and intro-ocular lens implants to rejuvenate sight. Mistry is currently researching and developing the lens in the lab and aims to have a prototype ready by the end of his doctorate in 2018.

Within a decade, the research could see the new lens being implanted into eyes in a quick and straightforward surgical procedure under local anaesthetic. Eye surgeons would make an incision in the cornea and use ultrasound to break down the old lens. The liquid crystal lens would then be inserted, restoring clear vision.

The lens could also have application in tackling cataracts - the clouding of natural lenses - which affect many people in later life and which can seriously affect vision. A common treatment is to remove and replace the natural lens.

"Liquid crystals are a very under-rated phase of matter," Mistry told The Times. "Everybody's happy with solids, liquids and gases and the phases of matter, but liquid crystals lie between crystalline solids and liquids. They have an ordered structure like a crystal, but they can also flow like a liquid and respond to stimuli," he said.

Wearable, skin-like device 'monitors cardiovascular, skin health 24/7'

Researchers from Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a wearable, wireless skin-like device that they say can monitor cardiovascular and skin health 24 hours a day.

 he research team, including senior author Yonggang Huang of the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern, publish the details of their creation in the journal Nature Communications.

Around 5 cm² in size, the device consists of up to 3,600 liquid crystals organized on a thin, soft and flexible substrate that can be placed directly on the skin.
 
According to Huang, the device is "mechanically invisible," noting that its thinness and flexibility makes it "much like the skin itself."

"The device is very practical. When your skin is stretched, compressed or twisted, the device stretches, compresses or twists right along with it," adds co-first author Yihui Zhang, assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at Northwestern.

Crystals detect temperature change, alerting wearer to potential problems

In their study, the researchers tested the effectiveness of the device by placing it on participants' wrists.

The crystals that make up the device, which are 0.5 mm² each, can sense temperature changes on the skin's surface. This is enabled by a "wireless heating system" that can detect the skin's thermal properties. This system is charged by electromagnetic waves in the air.

The crystals change color to alert the wearer to any temperature adjustments - a warning that something might be wrong.

Algorithms extract the patterns of color from the crystals and, within 30 seconds, translate this information into a health report detailing the wearer's cardiovascular health - determined by blood flow - and skin hydration levels.
 
The researchers note that the liquid crystal technology used in the device is similar to the infrared technology already used in hospitals. But they say the infrared technology is costly and limited to clinical and laboratory settings. This device, they say, is low-cost and the wearer can be mobile while using it.
Commenting on the creation, study co-author John A. Rogers, a Swanlund Chair and professor of materials science at the University of Illinois, says:

"These results provide the first examples of 'epidermal' photonic sensors. This technology significantly expands the range of functionality in skin-mounted devices beyond that possible with electronics alone."

The team believes the device will be effective for around-the-clock monitoring of both cardiovascular and skin health. Contemplating its potential success, Huang says:
"One can imagine cosmetics companies being interested in the ability to measure skin's dryness in a portable and non-intrusive way. This is the first device of its kind."
 
Medical News Today recently reported on a study published in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, revealing that scientists are working on developing an "electronic skin" that can detect and produce images of small lumps in the breast that could be missed by a clinician when checking for breast cancer.

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