No amount of alcohol safe during pregnancy

Teenagers who are exposed to alcohol while in the womb exhibit altered brain connections consistent with impaired cognitive performance, according to a study.
  Researchers have taken one of the first major steps in finding the biological changes in the brain that drive foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
  The study, analysed brain signals to find the long-term effects.
  “This work presents major evidence that children exposed to alcohol prenatally are at risk of suffering from impaired cognitive abilities and other secondary factors,” said a researcher.
  “Our study shows that there is no safe amount or safe stages during pregnancy for alcohol consumption,” he said in a statement
  The researchers measured the responses from a brain imaging technique called magnetoencephalography (MEG).
  FASD is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability worldwide and is linked to a wide array of neurological issues, including ADHD, researchers said.
  While the prevailing theory links expectant mothers’ alcohol consumption to cognitive impairments for children, questions about the extent of this effect remain, they said.
  Despite the known link, researchers are uncertain about the precise mechanism by which alcohol alters the developing brain.
  “The paper provides important integrative results for the field of FASD,” said a researcher.
  These results may then indicate that simple sensory measures may provide sensitivity for brain deficits that affect the broader cognitive domain,” he said in a statement.
  Previous attempts to study the brain circuitry in affected individuals have been hampered by the difficulty of drawing conclusions from complicated MEG data.
  The researchers developed a sophisticated computer technique called Cortical Start Spatio-Temporal multidipole analysis that could identify which areas of the brain were active when research subjects were in the MEG machine.
  After data from 19 FASD patients and 21 subjects without FASD was collected, the computational approach revealed several areas of the brain that showed impaired connectivity among the FASD group.
  Subjects who were exposed to alcohol in the womb were more likely to have issues with connections through their corpus callosum, the band of brain tissue that connects the left and right halves of the brain.
  Deficits in this area have been reported in people with schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, autism, depression and abnormalities in sensation, researchers said. 

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Machine Learning Can Identify Kids Suffering From Developmental Disorder Due to Alcohol Exposure in Womb

Researchers have developed a new tool that uses Machine Learning (ML) technology to screen children suffering from a type of developmental and neurobehavioural disorder, caused due to alcohol exposure while in the womb, quickly and at an affordable rate.
It is estimated that millions of children will be diagnosed with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This condition, when not diagnosed early in a child's life, can give rise to secondary cognitive and behavioural disabilities.

FASD is still quite difficult to diagnose. A professional diagnosis can take a long time with the current work taking as much as an entire day.

But, the ML tool, developed by researchers, uses a camera and computer vision to record patterns in children's eye movements as they watch multiple one-minute videos, or look towards or away from a target. It then identifies patterns that contrast to recorded eye movements by other children who watched the same videos or targets.

The eye movements outside the norm were flagged by the researchers as children who might be at risk for having FASD and need more formal diagnoses by healthcare practitioners, according to study published in a journal. "There is not a simple blood test to diagnose FASD. It is one of those spectrum disorders where there is a broad range of the disorder. It is medically very challenging and it is co-morbid with other conditions," said Laurent Itti, Professor at the USC.

"The new screening procedure only involves a camera and a computer screen, and can be applied to very young children. It takes only 10 to 20 minutes and the cost should be affordable in most cases," added a researcher. While this computer vision tool is not intended to replace full diagnosis, it could provide important feedback so that parents can ensure that their children are seen by professionals and receive early cognitive learning and potentially behavioural interventions, the researchers noted. 

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