AI tool predicts cell behaviours during diseases

Researchers have developed – scGen – an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered tool which promises to reshape the way we study diseases and their treatment at cellular level.

The study, published in the journal Nature Methods, shows scGen will help mapping and studying cellular response to diseases and their treatment beyond experimentally available data.

According to the researchers, scGen is a generative deep learning model that leverages ideas from image, sequence and language processing and applies them to model the behaviour of a cell performed on computer or via computer simulation.

The next step for the team will be to improve scGen, make it a fully data-driven formulation, increasing its predictive power to enable the study of combinations of perturbations.

“We can now start optimising scGen to answer more and more complex questions about diseases,” said the researcher. 

Large-scale atlases of organs in a healthy state are soon going to be available, in particular, within the Human Cell Atlas. This is a significant step in understanding cells, tissues and organs in healthy state in a better way and providing a reference while diagnosing, monitoring and treating diseases.
Accurately modelling cellular response to perturbations e.g. disease, compounds and genetic interventions, is a central goal of computational biology.

In addition, scGen is the first tool that predicts cellular response out-of-sample. This means that scGen, if trained on data that captures the effect of perturbations for a given system, is able to make reliable predictions for a different system.

“For the first time, we have the opportunity to use data generated in one model system such as mouse and use the data to predict disease or therapy response in human patients,” said a researcher.

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The Benefits of LLLT In Treating Chronic Pain

Dealing with chronic pain can be more debilitating than the pain itself and can often feel like being in a prison without a solution. However, recent advances have suggested a few ways to deal, and even cure, chronic pain. Fortunately, the LLLT method (Low-Level Laser Therapy), a method that doesn't require chemical intervention such as pills or injections.
Treating the pain and healing the inflammation Chronic pain is typically defined as long-term pain, lasting more than 12 weeks. Often, it is dealt with by taking pills to combat the pain. But pills only increase the problem and don’t treat the issue at the source, rather they are treating symptoms. Moreover, we all know there are many side effects accompanying them, which can cause serious addiction issues, stomach trouble, liver problems and more.
Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a breakthrough technology and is used worldwide. It offers the power of professional lasers used in clinics in a lightweight, portable device that anyone can use at home to treat chronic pain. It is a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) that works on the skin’s surface, while simultaneously penetrating deep through the skin tissue with no heating effect and without damaging the skin.
The idea is to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators and cause symptoms of inflammation, like redness, swelling and pain - to gradually disappear. Instead of chemicals, it is a process of accelerated healing of the affected area occurs, using natural, self-healing properties of the body.
How Does LLLT Work? Reducing Pain: Low-Level Laser is a soft laser treatment that arouses and stimulates the body’s natural healing mechanisms by stimulating cellular activity, reinforcing intercellular communication and stimulating the blood flow. This stimulation releases endorphin, which are the natural hormones produced by the brain, thus relieving pain. These endorphins reduce the intensity of the pain, resulting in the natural healing mechanism of the body.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) works at the cellular level by accelerating the body’s natural healing mechanisms. The effects of low-level laser therapy are photochemical. Cells in the body have light-sensitive chemicals called cytochromes.  These chemicals are located in energy compartments in the cell called mitochondria. 
Holding the laser device directly on the skin over the injured area for a period of several minutes, a beam of light penetrates the tissue into muscles and joints.
When LLLT light penetrates deep into tissue it stimulates the cytochromes in the mitochondria to produce a natural chemical compound known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP stores the energy that fuels the body’s cells and heals tissue. The increased production of ATP brings oxygen-rich blood to the injured area, reducing stress and accelerating healing. As tissue is repaired, the patient experiences pain relief and reduced inflammation.

Healing at the Source: Most often, pain is a result of pressure on the nerve fibers, causing swelling, edema, and inflammation around the affected area. The Laser enlarges the blood and lymphatic vessels and releases the pressure on the nerve. Reduction of the pressure leads to reducing the level of pain while allowing the blood and lymphatic vessels to pump the energy needed to heal the affected area.
* It's important to note that every patient and medical condition is unique and not all patients and conditions will respond to LLLT in the same way.

Benefits of LLLT Therapy The soft Laser therapy has been proven in more than 2,000 studies in treating pain in areas such as: neck, back, shoulder, elbow & wrist, knees, ankle, heel and more. Here are a few of the benefits:
1. Safe and Easy to Use. The LLLT devices sold were specifically designed for at-home use and are simple to operate. The laser is 100% safe to use and classified as a Laser Class 1 type.
Convenient. Unlike other laser treatments that require multiple trips to the doctor, these laser devices can be used in the convenience of your own home.

2. No Side Effects. Each treatment is natural and non-invasive with absolutely no side effects and no damage to tissues.
No Addictive Medication. Stop taking addictive pills and medication and start using soft laser device, non-addictive therapy.
Important note for patients: Information on this website is not intended as medical advice, nor should it be relied on for self-diagnosis. Always seek advice from a health professional about your particular pain or injury to understand if low-level laser therapy is the best treatment for you.

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Bulletproof Vests from Stem Cells?

In a breakthrough, Cambridge scientists have discovered a bizarre new property in the nuclei of embryonic stem cells that could pave the way for gen-next bulletproof vests. Stem cells - the body's master cells - demonstrate the property never before seen at a cellular level, scientists said.

The property - known as auxeticity - is one which may have application as wide ranging as soundproofing, super-absorbent sponges and bulletproof vests, they said. Most materials when stretched will contract. The opposite is also true: squeeze a material and it will expand.

However, scientists have begun to explore auxeticity, an unusual property which has the opposite effect - squeeze it and it will contract, stretch it and it will expand. This means that auxetic materials act as excellent shock absorbers or sponges, a fact that is being explored for various uses.

Until now, auxeticity has only been demonstrated in man-made materials and very rarely in nature, such as some species of sponge. Ateam of University of Cambridge researchers observed auxeticity in the nuclei of embryonic stem cells, master cells within the body which can turn into any other type of cell.

"This is a pretty bizarre finding and very unexpected. When the stem cell is in the process of transforming into a particular type of cell, its nucleus takes on an auxetic property, allowing it to 'sponge up' essential materials from its surrounding," Kevin Chalut from the Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, who led the study, said.

"This property has not, to my knowledge, been seen before at a cellular level and is highly unusual in the natural world," Chalut said. The auxetic properties only appear in the stem cell's nucleus when it is in the transition stage, changing from an embryonic, non-specific stem cell into a differentiated, tissue-specific cell, such as a heart tissue cell. The research was published in the journal Nature Materials.

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